Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How do fungi eat |
Heterotrophs A. Don't ingest food B. Secrete enzymes to absorb small organic units C. Secrete enzymes that degrade plant cell walls |
|
|
Ecological roles of Fungi |
Decomposes Parasites Mutalists |
|
|
General fungi morphology |
A. Hyphae B. Mycelium C. Cell wall strengthened by chitin |
|
|
Hyphae |
Tubular cell walls surrounding plasma. |
|
|
Septate hypha |
Have cross walls that seperate hyphae. |
|
|
Mycelium |
Interwoven hyphae that inflitrates food source. 1. Maximizes feeding efficiency. 2. Grow rapidly |
|
|
Rhizopus life cycle. |
|
|
|
Chytridiomycota |
A. Diverged early B. Have flagellated spores called zoospores C. Live in guts of livestock |
|
|
Zygomycota |
A. Consists of Pilobus and Rhizopus B. Resistant zygosporangium |
|
|
Ascomycota |
A. Production of sexual spores (ascospores) in saclike asci B. Yeast, mold, and truffles |
|
|
Neurospora crassa life cycle |
|
|
|
Basidiomycota |
Elaborate fruiting body (basidiocarp) containing many basidia that produce sexual spores (basidiospores) |
|
|
What can fungi decompose |
Cellulose and lignin |
|
|
Fungi as mutualisms |
Live inside plant leaves and other parts. Cause no harm to plant. May produce toxins to deter herbervores. May increase plant tolerance to heat, drought, metals |
|
|
Fungus-Animal symbiosis |
Leaf cutter ants feed fungus . In turn fungus fungus produce high protein bulb shape hyphae tips. |
|
|
Lichens |
Green algae or cyanobacteria + fungus. |
|
|
Lichens algae/ cyanobacteria job |
Algae provides carbon. Cyanobacteria fix nitrogen. |
|
|
Lichens fungus job |
Protection. Structure. Water and mineral retention. |
|
|
Why are lichens important. |
Help create soil. Nitrogen fixing adds nitrogen to ecosystem. |
|
|
Lichens structure. |
|
|
|
Mycosis |
Human fungal infection. Ring worm and athletes foot |
|
|
Systemic mycosis |
Human system infection. Coccidiomycosis. Inhalation of spores can cause death |
|
|
Fungus uses. |
1. Decomposes and mycorrhizae. 2. Give food distinct flavor. 3. Make citric acid. 4. Food. 5. Yeast for bread and alcohol 6. Treat hypertension and maternal bleeding 7. Antibiotics |
|
|
Which fungus makes citric acid. |
Aspergillus. |
|
|
Which fungus treats hypertension and maternal bleeding |
Ergot extract |
|
|
Alterations of generation stages and what they are |
Gametophyte- gamete producing plant. Produce haploid gametes
Sporophyte-spore producing plant. Produce haploid spores via meiosis. |
|
|
Key traits of plants seperate from charophyceans |
1. Alterations of generations 2.walled spores produced in multicellular sporangia. 3. Multicellular gametangia 4.alpical meristems. *cuticle |
|
|
Describe evidence suggesting plants arose around 475 million years ago |
Scientist have found fossilized spores dating back to that period. |
|
|
Three phyla of nonvascular plants and what they are |
1. Anthercerophyta- hornworts 2. Hepatophyta - liverworts 3. Bryophyta - moss |
|
|
Distinguish between bryophyta and bryophyte |
Bryophyta- taxonomic name for a phylum. Bryophyte- refers to all nonvascular plants |
|
|
Bryophyte Gametophytes cycle |
|
|
|
Why do most bryophytes close to ground |
Bodies are too thin to support. And have no vascular tissue to transport nutrients and water |
|
|
What are bryophyte anchored by |
Rhizoids |
|
|
Ecological importance of moss |
Peat moss is source of fuel. Conditions soil Packaging of live plant roots |
|
|
Modern vascular plant characteristics and how they are favorable. |
1.Dominant sporophyte stage- Gametophyte invisible to human eye 2. Transport in xylem and phloem- allows for transport of nutrients and water. Taller growth 3. Roots- taller growth. Absorption of nucleus. 4. Leaves- increase SA for sunlight 5. Spore variations- bloom to flowers in angiosperms, which increased genetic variation |
|
|
Megaphylls vs microphylls |
Mega means big leaves |
|
|
Why are seedless vascular plants found in damp areas |
They need water for sperm to fertilize egg |
|
|
Fern life cycle |
|
|
|
Annulus part in fern reproduction |
They dry out and then release the spores |
|
|
What are the two clades of seedless vascular plants |
Phylum lycophyta and monilophyta |
|
|
Why are whisk ferns no longer considered to be living fossils |
Analyses of DNA sequences and fern structure are contradictory to whisk ferns being living fossils. The ancestor’s true roots and leaves could have been lost during evolution. |
|
|
In lab what slides is ascomycota |
Peziza and Saccharomyces |
|
|
In lab what slide is Basidiomycota |
Corprinus |
|
|
Foliose Lichen |
|
|
Crustose Lichen |
|
|
Fruticose Lichen |
|
|
Lichen slide |
Umbilicaria thallus |
|
|
Liverwort |
|
|
Circle- antheridial head Arrow- antheridopore |
|
|
Arrow- egg Bracket- archegonial head |
|
|
Liverwort Gemma cup with Gemmae |
|
|
1 sporangium 2 seta 3 sporophyte 4 female gametophyte |
|
|
Bryophyta |
Mosses |
|
|
Hepatophyta |
Liverworts |
|
|
Anthercerophyta |
Hornworts |
|
|
1. Male/staminate cone 2. 1st yr female/ovulate cone 3. 2nd yr female cone 4. Seed 5. 2 needle leaf |
|
|
R to l T to b 1. Male mature cone 2. Young male cone 3. Young female cone 4. 2 needle leaf 5. Mature female cone 6. Seed |
|
Inner Purple Inner teal Outer dk blue/purple |
Xylem Phloem Stomata |
|
|
Upper. Cone scale Middle. Ovule Lowest. Cone axis |
|
Label ovules and cone axis |
|
|
|
L to r T to b 1. Cone axis 2. Sporophyll 3. Pollen grain 4. Microsporangium |
|
|
T to b Sporophyll Microsporangium Pollen Cone axis |
|
|
|
|
|
Left. Pollen grain Right. Filament |
|
|
Adventitious roots |
|
What group does this belong to? Top layer Middle region Bottom tissue |
Monocot Top. Epidermis Middle. Cortex Bottom. Xylem |
|
T to b 1. Tissue 2. Layer 3. Layer 4. Tissue 5. Region |
Phloem Endodermis Epidermis Xylem Cortex |
|
What group? 1. Region 2. Layer 3. Tissue 4. Tissue |
Eudocot (t in middle) Cortex Epidermis Phloem Xylem |
|
1. Sieve Tube member or companion cell 2. Sieve Tube member or companion cell 3. Vessel member or tracheid 4. Vessel member or tracheid What type of tissue is all these |
Sieve Tube member Companion cell Tracheid Vessel member Vascular |
|
|
Red. Xylem Yellow. Vascular cambium Outermost lite green. Epidermis Light blue. Sieve Tube member Dk blue. Companion cell Big circle. Pith Gray. Parenchyma cells |
|
What is this? Label |
Vascular bundle 1. Sieve Tube member 2. Companion cell 3. Sclerenchyma 4. Xylem |
|
What group? |
Eudicot 1. Pith 2. Epidermis 3. Cortex 4. Vascular bundle |
|
|
1. Rhizome 2. Spine 3. Wing 4. Tendril 5. Thorn |
|
A. Growth time (slow or fast) B. Growth time (slow or fast) Where's phloem Where's cork cambium Where's vascular cambium |
A. Slow summer B. Fast spring Phloem at D C.C at C V.C at D |
|
1. Pith, cortex, dilated phloem, vascular cambium 2. 1st yr xylem, 2nd year xylem, phloem, xylem ray 3. Pith, cortex, dilated phloem, vascular cambium 4. Xylem ray, epidermis, bark |
1. Pith 2. Phloem 3. VC 4. Epidermis |
|
1. Pith, cortex, dilated phloem, vascular cambium
2. 1st yr xylem, 2nd year xylem, phloem, xylem ray
3. 1st yr xylem, 2nd year xylem, phloem, xylem ray
4. Large thin walled spring xylem, small thick walled summer xylem
5. Pith, cortex, dilated phloem, vascular cambium
6. 1st yr xylem, 2nd year xylem, phloem, xylem ray
7. Xylem ray, epidermis, bark |
1. Dilated phloem ray 2. 2nd yr xylem 3. Xylem ray 4. Small thick walled summer 5. Vascular cambium 6. Phloem 7. Bark |
|
1. 1st yr xylem, 2nd year xylem, phloem, xylem ray 2.Pith, cortex, dilated phloem, vascular cambium 3. Large thin walled spring xylem, small thick walled summer xylem 4. Large thin walled spring xylem, small thick walled summer xylem |
1. Phloem 2. VC 3. Summer 4. Spring |
|
Arrow top Bracket top 2nd arrow 2nd bracket 3rd arrow 4the arrow
|
|
|
|
1. Guard cell 2. Stoma 3. Epidermal cell |
|
Left to right |
|
|
|
Simple Compound |
|
|
Both simple |
|
|
Doubly compound |
