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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Affirming the antecedent
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Modus Ponens
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Affirming the consequent
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An Invalid argument form:
If p, the q. q. therefore, p. |
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Antecedent
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the first part of a conditional statement (If p, then q), the component that begins with the word if
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cogent Argument
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A strong inductive argument with all true premises
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Conditional Statement
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An "if-then" statement; it consists of the antecedent (the part introduced by the word if) and the consequent (the part introduced by then)
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Consequent
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The part of a conditional statment (If p, the q) introduced by the word then
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Deductive Argument
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An argument intended to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion
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denying the antecedent
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An invalid argument form:
If p, then q Not p Therefore not q |
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Denying the Consequent
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Modus Tollens
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Dependent Premise
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A premise that depends on at least one other premise to provide joint support to a conclusion. If a dependent premise is removed, the support that its linked dependent premises supply to the conclusion is underminded or completly canceled out.
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Disjunctive Syllogism
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A valid argument:
either p or q. Not p therefore q |
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Hypothetical Syllogism
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a valid argument made up of three hypothetical, or conditional, statments:
If p the q If q, then r therefore, if p, the r |
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Independent Premise
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A premise that does not depend on other premises to provide support to a conclusion. If an independent premise is removed, the upport that other premises supply to the conclusion are not affected
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Inductive Argument
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An Argument in which the premises are intended to provide probable, not conclusive, support for its conclusion.
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Invalid Argument
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A deductive aregument that fails to provide conclusive support for its conclusion
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Modus Ponens
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(affirming the antecedent)
A valid argument If p, the q p therefore q |
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Modus Tollens
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Denying the consequent
A valid argument If p, then q not q Therefore, not q |
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Sound Argument
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A deductively valid argument that has true premises
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Strong Argument
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An inductive argument that succeeds in provding probable - but not conclusive - support for its conclusion
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Syllogism
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A deducive argument made up of three statements - two premises and a conclusion
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Truth-preserving
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A characteristic of a valid deductive argument in which the logical structure guarantees the truth of the conclusion if thepremises are true
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Valid Argument
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A deductive argument that succeeds in providing conclusive support for its conclusion
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Weak Argument
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a philosophy of file; a set of beliefs and theories that helps us make sense of a wide range of issues in life
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