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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Block grants
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$ from federal govt to states for certain areas, not specific programs
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Categorical grants
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Federal grants for specific purposes defined by federal law
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Conditions of aid
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Federal rules attached to grants that states recieve. States must abide those rules to recieve the grant.
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Cooperative federalism
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National/state/local govt cooperate to solve common problems
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Devolution
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Scaling back size/activity of national govt by assigning domestic issues to the states.
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Dual federalism
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National govt is supreme in its sphere and states equally supreme in theirs.
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Federalism
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Political system where ultimate authority is shared between central/state/local govts
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Federal system
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Sovereignity is shared - national supreme on some issues/ states+local on others
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Gibbons vs Ogden
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Clarification of inter/intrastate commerce: interstate commerce = almost everything. Resulted in stronger central power
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Grants in aid
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Federal funds provided to states/localties (for airports, education, highways)
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Initiative
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Procedure alloweing voters to submit a law to popular vote by gaining signatures.
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Mandates
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Rules imposed by federal govt on states; possibly for grant $
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McCulloh vs Maryland
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supremacy of national govt. Federal govt CAN make a national bank, and states cannot tax it.
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Nullification
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states have the right to nullify federal law. Practice later made illegal by Supreme Court
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Referendum
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Practice of submitting law to popular vote at election time.
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Revenue sharing
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Law providing distribution of federal tax revenues.
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Unfunded mandates
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When Congress passes laws that require expenses from states, but do not provide funds to meet them.
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Unitary system.
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Govt system where sovereignity is wholly in the hands of the national govt
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Interstate commerce
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Initially - transportation between states, but later, Supreme Court gives much wider definition - regulated by Congress
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Intrastate commerce
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Commerce within state - regulated by states (minority)
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Necessary and proper clause
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Article 1 Sec 8. authorizes Congress to pass all necessary/proper laws to carry out its power. Provides flexibility.
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Police powers
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Power of state to promote health/safety/morals
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2nd order devolution
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flow of power/responsibility from states to local govt
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3rd order devolution
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use of non-govt organizations to implement public policy
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States rights
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issue of final authority: states or national govt. Explained by 10th Amendment
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10th Amendment
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powers not delegated to national govt nor prohibited by it are reserved for the states.
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