Ch. 3 Bio

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formed when 2 monosaccharides combine in a condensation reaction

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disaccharide

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complex molecule composed of 3 or more monosaccarhides

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polysaccharide

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organic compounds composed of mainly C, H, O, N

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proteins

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composed of 4 fused carbon rings w/ various functional groups attatched to them

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steroids

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large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important info

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nucleic acid

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organic compounds are made primarily of ____

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carbon atoms

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influence characteristics of molecules

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functional groups

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smaller, simpler molecules

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monomers

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consists of repeated, linked units

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polymer

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large polymers

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marcomolecules

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store large amounts of engery

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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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organic compound of C, H, O

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carbohydrate

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contains C, H, O
glucose, fructose, galactose

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monosaccahrides

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have 2 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol

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phospholipids

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structural lipid consisting of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain

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waxes

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unbranched carbon chains that make up most of lipids

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fatty acids

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composed of 3 molecules of fatty acid joined to one molecule of alchol glycerol

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triglycerides

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RNA or proten molecules that act as biological catalysts

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enyzyme

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reactant being catalyzed

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subsrate

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large, nonpolar organic molecules
do not dissolve in water

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lipids

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Twenty different kinds
main difference is in R group
proteins formed from linkage of monomers

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amino acids

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formed when 2 amino acids bond

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dipeptide

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covalent bond formed by condensation reaction

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peptide

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long chains formed by amino acids

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polypeptide

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compounds made primarily of carbon atoms

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organic compound

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the way monomers link together to form polymers

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condensation reaction

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stores energy in its bonds

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ATP

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building blocks of protein

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amino acids

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cluster of atoms that influences the characteristics of a molecule

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functional group

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place where a substrate fits into an enzyme

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active sight

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process used to break down a polymer

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hydrolysis

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building blocks of DNA

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nucleotides

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substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction

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substrate

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an organic compound with a ratio of 1 carbon to 2 hydrogen to 1 oxygen

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carbohydrate

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glucose is a ____ that is a major source of engery in cells

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monosaccharide

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an organic compound that is not soluble in water

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lipid

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long chain of amino acids

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protein

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subunits of DNA and RNA

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nucleotides

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DNA is ____ that contains genetic information

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nucleic acid

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organic compounds contain

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carbon and other elements

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the number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can form w/ another atom is

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four

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the breakdown of a polymer involves

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hydrolysis

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atp releases energy when

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a phosphate group is removed from it

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arrange following from smallest to largest:
polymer, monomer, carbon atom, macromolecule

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carbon atom
monomer
polymer
macromolecule

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explain how water molecule is produced when glucose & fructose undergo condensation reaction

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they combine & form sucrose
they become linked
glucose releases hydrogen
fructose releases hydroxide
ions combine to make h2o

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what are the products of the hydrolysis of ATP?

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ADP
phosphate
energy

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glycogen, starch, and cellulose are

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polysaccharides

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the different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined by

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the R groups of the amino acids they contain

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most enzymes

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are sensitive to changes in temperature of pH

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the large numbers of carbon hydrogen bonds in lipids

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store more energy than the carbon oxygen bonds in other organic compounds

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the most important function of nucleic acid is

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storing information related to heredity and protein synthesis

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what are the storge forms of carbohydrates?

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glycogen

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what are the quick energy form of carbohydrates?

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glucose

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how many diff. kinds of monomers are there in starch?

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one

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how many diff. kinds of monomers are there in proteins

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20

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have high melting points and
are hard at room temperature

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triglycerides

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soft or liquid at room temperature

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unsaturated triglycerides

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cell membrane is made of two layers of

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phospholipids

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cholesteral is an example of a

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steroid

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contains information that determines the characteristic of an organism and directs cell activites

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DNA

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stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins

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RNA

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nucleic acid components are....

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-phosphate group
-a five carbon sugar
-ring shaped nitrogenous base

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a bond formed when 2 atoms share one pair of electrons

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single bond

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atoms share two pairs of electrons

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double bond

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sharing of 3 pairs of electrons

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triple bond

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organic compound with hydroxl group attached

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alcohol

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carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

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macromolecules

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a monomer of a carbohydrate

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monomer