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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
affective synchrony
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matched emotional states of parents and children and in babies monitoring of their parents' facial expressions and whereabouts
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babbling
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consists of repetition of certain syllables such as da-da, or ma-ma, and those sounds have come to symbolize the terms used for mother and father
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contingent responsiveness
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allow the infant to be actively engaged in the roles of elicitor as well as receiver of parental attention
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cultural congruence
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children's development is more likely to be enhanced by caregivers who can speak their language and who look and act in ways that are somewhat familiar
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fetal alchohol syndrome
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what happens to an infant when the mother consumes alcohol while pregnant
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fine motor skills
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development contributes to greater dexterity in the use of fingers and hands
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gross motor skills
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includes the development of large muscle groups involved in the movement of the body and the arms and legs, resulting in the infant/toddler's ability to turn over, sit up crawl, walk and climb
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kangaroo care
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used in many infant intensive care units to promote survival of at-risk infants
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linguistic turn taking
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allowing babies to respond to what you are saying by making pauses
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mutual gazing
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parents spending a great deal of time looking in to their infants faces
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neonatal abstinence syndrome
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when infants suffer withdrawal symptoms; tremors, restlessness, hyperactive reflexes, high pitched cries, vomiting, fevers, sweating, rapid respiration, seizures, and somtimes death
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parentese
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when talking to babies that is intended to gain and maintain the attention of infants; higher pitched, has more low to high fluctuations
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parent-infant synchrony
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depends on the abilities of the parent and the infant to accurately read and respond to cues provided by the other person
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sensorimotor intelligence
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view that infants think exclusively with their senses and motor skills during the stage of development.
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tag-team parenting
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when parents work and care for their children; work at night, care for children at day
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teratogens
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agents and conditions, including malnutrition, viruses, drugs, chemicals, and stressors that can interfere with prenatal development and contribute to birth defects or death
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conserve
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the failure to understand the quantity of matter (such as clay) does not change when the shape changes
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egocentric
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means that younger children have an excessive reliance on their own point of view, coupled with a corresponding inability to be objective
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enuresis
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any instance of involuntary urination by a child over 3 years of age
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fast mapping
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during the preschool period when children learn words at the rapid rate of 10 to 20 new words per day
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fine motor skills
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involves the ability to coordinate smaller muscles in the arms, hands, and fingers
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gross motor skills
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the use of large muscles in the legs or arms as well as general strength and stamina
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guided participation
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when parents participate with children in their adventures and social experiences
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iron-deficiency anemia
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the most common diet deficiency durin the preschool years; one of its main symptoms is chronic fatigue
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myelination
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the insulating process that speeds up the transmission of neural processes
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overgeneralization
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when children think something that walks on four legs is always a dog
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overregularization
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a standard rule of past tense is applied to the English language, which has many exceptions to the standard rules
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personal boundaries
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what children might or might not do, and what they can and cannot accomplish
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preconcept
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when preschoolers first symbolic concepts are not as complete or as logical as are those of older children and adults
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preoperational thought
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between ages 2 and 6; where children start to use symbolic thinking
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reverse-order sentences
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an example would be "you can have a cookie if you clean the kitchen" instead of saying "if you clean the kitchen you will get a cookie"
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self-esteem
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refers to judgments of their worth and feelings associated with those judgments
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self-reliance
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refers to the ability to behave in ways that are considered by parents and other caregivers to be acceptable
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sense of guilt
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the young child feels guilty about behaviors that significant others label as wrong or bad
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sense of initiative
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defined by the skills that demonstrate independence
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social coordination of movement
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being able to change directions while running in anticipation of another child's movement in a game of tag
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symbolic thinking
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involves the use of words, gestures, pictures, or actions to represent ideas, things, or behaviors
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code-switching
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parallels childrens achievement of the ability to decenter their attention
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intersubjectivity
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shared understanding of the task
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scaffolding
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the supportive strategies parents use to guide their children in solving cognitive tasks
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