Ch 29 Seedless Vascular Plants (Pterophyta/lycophyta)

Front 1

What are the 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants?

Back 1

Pterophyta (ferns, whisk tails, horsetails) and Lycophyta (club mosses)

Front 2

sporophylls

Back 2

in all ferns and fern allies, leaflike structures of sporophyte that bear spores

Front 3

megaphylls

Back 3

large leaves with multiple veins

Front 4

microphylls

Back 4

small leaves with one vein

Front 5

Does the phylum pterophyta have stomata?

Back 5

Yes and they are able to open and close them unlike bryophytes so regulate gas exchange.

Front 6

is the sporophyte of a true fern independent or dependent?

Back 6

independent

Front 7

rhizomes

Back 7

underground stems that allow fern sporophytes to grow indefinitely

Front 8

stalk function?

Back 8

elevates the blades to promote photosynthesis on the pinnae.

Front 9

blade function?

Back 9

carries leaflets and conducts photosynthesis

Front 10

pinnae function?

Back 10

leaflets collect sunlight for photosynthesis

Front 11

sori

Back 11

groups of sporangia on underside of the fern fronds

Front 12

indusium

Back 12

shield-shaped outgrowth of a frond that shields sporangia and, therefore, protects sori

Front 13

What does acetone do when you add it to a sori?

Back 13

causes spores of ferns to disperse because it dries them up (spores are dispersed in dry environments)

Front 14

protonema

Back 14

first organism produced after spores germinate, later develops into prothallium

Front 15

prothallium

Back 15

plant of the gametophyte generation formed from germinating spore; has rhizoids, antheridia, archegonia

Front 16

Where do the male/female reproductive structures occur on the prothallium?

Back 16

underside of the the prothallium (but self-fertilization is rare because antheridia and archegonia matrue at different times)

Front 17

which matures first, the archegonia or the antheridia?

Back 17

antheridia

Front 18

Where are archegonia located on the underside of the prothallium?

Back 18

near cleft of heart-shaped prothallium

Front 19

Where does zygote develop?

Back 19

In the archegonium and is dependent on the gametophyte for a little bit before the prothallium is crushed by the growing sporophyte

Front 20

fiddlehead

Back 20

the coiled position of a growing sporophyte when its breaking through the soil; unroils to display frond(single leaf)

Front 21

Are terrestrial ferns typically homosporous or heterosporous?

Back 21

homosporous (1 gametophyte with both antheridia and archegonia)

Front 22

Are aquatic ferns typically homosporous or heterosporous?

Back 22

heterosporous (2 types of gametophytes: 1 is male and has antheridia and 1 is female with archegonia)

Front 23

megaspores?

microspores?

Back 23

eggs

sperm

Front 24

What are 2 examples of aquatic ferns?

Back 24

Salvinella and Azolla

Front 25

annulus

Back 25

surrounds the sorus and is responsible for opening it when it ripens

Front 26

What are the 2 extant species of whisk ferns?

Back 26

Psilotum and Tmesipteris

Front 27

What makes Equisetum have a ribbed stem?

Back 27

siliceous deposits in its epidermal cells...used to clean aka scouring rush

Front 28

What makes a rhizoid different than a rhizome?

Back 28

Rhizoids are on gametophytes
Rhizomes are on sporophytes

Front 29

rhizophores

Back 29

runnerlike organ (intermediary between root and stem) found in isoetes(quillwort)