Ch. 28 The Cold War

Front 1

zaibatsu

Back 1

Huge corporations run by single families that had monopolized the Japanese economy.

Front 2

Potsdam Conference

Back 2

Meeting between Allied leaders.

Front 3

Nuremberg Trials

Back 3

German war crime trials

Front 4

Adolf Eichmann

Back 4

An architect of the Jewish extermination program

Front 5

Hideki Tojo

Back 5

Japan's premier during the war that was sentenced to death in the trials of Tokyo

Front 6

United Nations

Back 6

International organization

Front 7

Trygve Lie

Back 7

United Nations' first secretary-general. From Norway.

Front 8

Eleanor Roosevelt

Back 8

One of the first U.S. delegates to the UN.

Front 9

Zionism

Back 9

The movement seeking a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Front 10

David Ben-Gurion

Back 10

Zionist leader.

Front 11

Ralph Bunche

Back 11

US diplomat that persuaded both sides of the Arab-Israeli War to accept an armistice

Front 12

satellite nations

Back 12

Countries under Soviet control

Front 13

containment

Back 13

Restricting the expansion of Soviet communism.

Front 14

Cold War

Back 14

The competition for global power and influence between these two superpowers

Front 15

George Kennan

Back 15

State Department official and Soviet expert that suggested a policy of containment

Front 16

Baruch Plan

Back 16

Proposal that would impose penalties on countries that did not follow international rules.

Front 17

Atomic Energy Act

Back 17

Act that created the civilian controlled Atomic Energy Commission to oversee nuclear weapons research and to promote peacetime uses of atomic energy.

Front 18

Truman Doctrine

Back 18

Truman's speech to congress stating " It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation [conquest] by armed minorities or by outside pressures."

Front 19

George C. Marshall

Back 19

Secretary of State who feared that economic problems would make Western Europe more vulnerable to Communists' influence.

Front 20

Marshall Plan

Back 20

European Recovery Program

Front 21

Berlin Airlift

Back 21

US and British planes carried more than 2 million tons of food and supplies to the people of West Berlin.

Front 22

NATO

Back 22

North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Each member nation pledged to defend the others in the event of an outside attack.

Front 23

Warsaw Pact

Back 23

Military alliance between the Soviet Union and other communist countries in Eastern Europe.

Front 24

brinkmanship

Back 24

Going to the brink of war in order to stop the spread of communism.

Front 25

Chiang Kai-shek

Back 25

Led the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) against the Chinese Communists.

Front 26

Mao Zedong

Back 26

Chinese Communist Party leader

Front 27

Kim Il Sung

Back 27

Leader of Communist North Korea

Front 28

Syngman Rhee

Back 28

President of South Korea

Front 29

Douglas MacArthur

Back 29

US Army's Far East commander who was also in command of the forces in action against communism?

Front 30

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back 30

New president in the election of 1952.

Front 31

Central Intelligence Agency

Back 31

Agency created to gather strategic information and pursue Eisenhower's Cold War goals.

Front 32

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 32

Soviet's new leader who accused Stalin of having committed many ruthless crimes.

Front 33

U-2 incident

Back 33

When the Soviet Union shot down an American U-2 (high-altitude spy plane) and US officials insisted that it was a weather-research plane that had strayed off course but the captured pilot admitted he had been on a spying mission.

Front 34

hydrogen bomb

Back 34

A type of nuclear bomb that uses liquid Hydrogen

Front 35

National Security Council

Back 35

Advised the president on strategic matters.

Front 36

House Un-American Activities Committee

Back 36

Congressional committee originally created in 1938 to investigate fascists; became known for investigating US citizens accused of communist ties in late 1940s

Front 37

Hollywood Ten

Back 37

Group of film directors and writers who went to jail rather than answer questions from the House Un-American Activities Committee

Front 38

Alger Hiss

Back 38

Accused of being a Communist spy who gave secret State Department documents to pass on to the Soviets.

Front 39

Julius and Ethel Rosenburg

Back 39

Accused of providing the Soviet Union with atomic-energy secrets during WWII

Front 40

Internal Security Act

Back 40

Law that required suspected Communist groups to register with the government and imposed controls on immigrants suspected of being Communist sympathizers

Front 41

Joseph McCarthy

Back 41

Wisconsin senator who fueled the suspicions that Communist spies and sympathizers were everywhere.

Front 42

Margaret Chase Smith

Back 42

Republican Maine senator who challenged McCarthy

Front 43

Billy Graham

Back 43

Evangelist who warned of the danger of nuclear war and urged Americans to turn to God.

Front 44

Sputnik

Back 44

First artificial satellite

Front 45

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Back 45

Agency established by Congress in 1958 to promote space technology.

Front 46

National Defense Education Act

Back 46

Federal law that appropriated money to improve education in science, math, and foreign languages.