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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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Also called the pact of Paris, this 1928 agreement was the brainchild of US secretary of state Frank B Kellogg and French premier Aristide Briand. it pledged its signatories eventually including all nations to shun war as an instrument of policy. derided as an international kiss it had little effect on the actual conduct of world affairs
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D-Day
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June 6, 1944 was the day the allied troops crossed the english channel and opened a second front in western Europe during WW2 the "D" stands for disembarkation to leave a ship and go ashore
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Manhattan Project
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In early 1942, Franklin Roosevelt alarmed by reports that German scientists were working on an atomic bomb, authorized a crash program to build the bomb first. Named for the Corps of Engineers district originally in charge, spent $2 billion dollars and produced weapons that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945
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Axis powers
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During WW2, the alliance between Italy, Germany, and Japan was known as the "Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis", and the three members were called the axis powers. They fought against the allied powers, led by the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union
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Pearl Harbor
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On December 7, 1941, Japanese warplanse attacked US naval forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, sinking several ships and killing more than 2400 American sailors. The event marked America's entrance into WW2
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Washington Conference
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1921, the 1st attempt at a solution to the rivalry in Asia, delegates from US, Japan, Great Britain, and six other nations, major objective was to settle the asian situation, but pressing issue was dangerous naval race between Japan and the US
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Adolf Hitler
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Came to power in Germany in 1933 head of a national socialist or nazi movement, shrewd and charismatic, capitalized on discontent and bitterness over WW1, blamed Jews for all of Germany's ills
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Nye Committee
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Investigated American munitions dealers, "merchants of death" thesis= bankers and munitions makers responsible for american intervention in 1917, neutrality legislation
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America First Committee
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was the foremost non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II. Peaking at 800,000 members, it was likely the largest anti-war organization in American history. Started in 1940, it became defunct after the attack upon Pearl Harbor in December 1941.
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War Production Board
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headed by Donald Nelson, allowed business to claim rapid depreciation and thus huge tax credits for new plants and awarded lucrative cost-plus contracts for urgently needed goods, shortages of materials led to a military priority system
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Fair Employment Practices Committee
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ban racial discrimination in war industries. as a result black employment by the federal govt rose, proved less successful in the private sector, weak in funding and staff
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Zoot Suit Riots
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a series of riots in 1943 during World War II that erupted in Los Angeles, California between European-American sailors and Marines stationed throughout the city and Latino youths, who were recognizable by the zoot suits they favored. While Mexican Americans were the primary targets of military servicemen, African American and Filipino/Filipino American youth were also targeted. The Zoot Suit Riots were in part the effect of the infamous Sleepy Lagoon murder which involved the death of a young Latino man in a barrio near Los Angeles.
The incident triggered similar attacks against Latinos in Beaumont, Chicago, San Diego, Detroit, Evansville, Philadelphia, and New York |
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Los Alamos
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an advanced base sectional dock, was constructed of seven advance base docks
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the United States conducted two atomic bombings against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, the first on August 6, 1945 and the second on August 9, 1945.Six days after the detonation over Nagasaki, on August 15, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied Powers, signing the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, officially ending the Pacific War and therefore World War II. Germany had signed its Instrument of Surrender on May 7, ending the war in Europe. The bombings led, in part, to post-war Japan adopting Three Non-Nuclear Principles, forbidding the nation from nuclear armament.
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Chiang Kai Sheik
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Chiang's Nationalists engaged in a long standing civil war with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). After the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chiang attempted to eradicate the Communists. Ultimately, with support from the Soviet Union, the CCP defeated the Nationalists, forcing the Nationalist government to retreat to Taiwan, where martial law was continued while the government still tried to take back mainland China. Chiang ruled the island with an iron fist as the President of the Republic of China and Director-General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975
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Hideki Tojo
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a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), a leader of the Taisei Yokusankai, and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from 18 October 1941 to 22 July 1944. Some historians hold him responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor, which led to America entering World War II. After the end of the war, Tōjō was sentenced to death for war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and hanged on 23 December 1948.
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Charles DeGaulle
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was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II.
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Joseph Stalin
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was a Soviet politician and head of state who served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953.In 1939 Stalin entered into a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, followed by the Soviet invasion of Poland, Finland, the Baltics, Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. After Germany violated the pact by invading the Soviet Union in 1941, the Soviet Union joined the Allies to play an important role in the Axis defeat, at the cost of the largest death toll for any country in the war (mostly due to the mass deaths of civilians in territories occupied by Germany). After the war, Stalin installed subservient communist governments in most countries in Eastern Europe, forming the Eastern bloc, behind what was referred to as an "Iron Curtain" of Soviet rule during the Cold War.
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A Phillip Randolph
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a prominent twentieth-century African-American civil rights leader and the founder of both the March on Washington Movement and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a landmark for labor and particularly for African-American labor organizing., responsible for getting roosevelt to agree to the Fair employment practices committee
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Henry Stimson
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an American statesman, who served as Secretary of War, Secretary of State and Governor-General of the Philippines. He is best known for managing the U.S. military as Secretary of War during the Roosevelt administration in World War II.
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Cordell Hull
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an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee. He is best-known as the longest-serving Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933–1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during much of World War II. Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in establishing the United Nations, and was referred to by President Roosevelt as the Father of the United Nations.
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Veterans of Future Wars
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an organization formed as a prank by Princeton University students in 1936. The group was a satirical reaction to a bill granting the early payment of bonuses to World War I veterans
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Sudetenland
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he German name used in English in the first half of the 20th century for the western regions of Czechoslovakia inhabited mostly by ethnic Germans, specifically the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Silesia associated with Bohemia.
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Nazi-Soviet Pact
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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, colloquially named after the Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and the German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, was an agreement officially titled the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union[1] and signed in Moscow in the late hours of 23 August 1939.[2] It was a non-aggression pact under which the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany each pledged to remain neutral in the event that either nation were attacked by a third party. It remained in effect until 22 June 1941, when Germany started its invasion of the Soviet Union, called Operation Barbarossa.
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Cash and Carry Acts
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a policy requested by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt at a special session of the United States Congress on 21 September 1939, as World War II was spreading throughout Europe. It replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1936. The revision allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation. The purpose was to hold neutrality between the United States and European countries while still giving material aid to Britain, exploiting the fact that Germany had no funds and could not reliably ship across the British-controlled Atlantic
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Lend/Lease Acts
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name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945. It was signed into law on 11 March 1941, over 18 months after the outbreak of the European war in September 1939, but before the U.S. entrance into the war in December 1941. It was called An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States. This act also ended the pretense of the neutrality of the United States. Hitler recognized this and in response ordered German submarines to attack US vessels such as the SS Robin Moor, an unarmed merchant steamship sunk on 21 May 1941 outside of the war zone.
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Mother's Crusade
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protest the passage of the Lend-Lease Act
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Reuben James
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sank by a German U-boat killing more than one hundred American sailors
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Tripartite Pact
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called the Three-Power Pact, Axis Pact, Three-way Pact or Tripartite Treaty was a pact signed in Berlin, Germany on September 27, 1940, which established the Axis Powers of World War II. The pact was signed by representatives of Germany (Adolf Hitler), Italy (foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano) and Japan (ambassador Saburo Kurusu).
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Axis Powers
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comprised the countries that were opposed to the Allies during World War II.[1] The three major Axis powers—Germany, Japan, and Italy—were part of a military alliance on the signing of the Tripartite Pact in September 1940, which officially founded the Axis powers. At their zenith, the Axis powers ruled empires that dominated large parts of Europe, Africa, East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, but World War II ended with their total defeat and dissolution
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Cordell Hull
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an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee. He is best-known as the longest-serving Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933–1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during much of World War II. Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in establishing the United Nations, and was referred to by President Roosevelt as the Father of the United Nations.
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Veterans of Future Wars
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an organization formed as a prank by Princeton University students in 1936. The group was a satirical reaction to a bill granting the early payment of bonuses to World War I veterans
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Sudetenland
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he German name used in English in the first half of the 20th century for the western regions of Czechoslovakia inhabited mostly by ethnic Germans, specifically the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Silesia associated with Bohemia.
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Nazi-Soviet Pact
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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, colloquially named after the Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and the German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, was an agreement officially titled the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union[1] and signed in Moscow in the late hours of 23 August 1939.[2] It was a non-aggression pact under which the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany each pledged to remain neutral in the event that either nation were attacked by a third party. It remained in effect until 22 June 1941, when Germany started its invasion of the Soviet Union, called Operation Barbarossa.
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Cash and Carry Acts
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a policy requested by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt at a special session of the United States Congress on 21 September 1939, as World War II was spreading throughout Europe. It replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1936. The revision allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation. The purpose was to hold neutrality between the United States and European countries while still giving material aid to Britain, exploiting the fact that Germany had no funds and could not reliably ship across the British-controlled Atlantic
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Lend/Lease Acts
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name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945. It was signed into law on 11 March 1941, over 18 months after the outbreak of the European war in September 1939, but before the U.S. entrance into the war in December 1941. It was called An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States. This act also ended the pretense of the neutrality of the United States. Hitler recognized this and in response ordered German submarines to attack US vessels such as the SS Robin Moor, an unarmed merchant steamship sunk on 21 May 1941 outside of the war zone.
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Mother's Crusade
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protest the passage of the Lend-Lease Act
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Reuben James
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sank by a German U-boat killing more than one hundred American sailors
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Tripartite Pact
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called the Three-Power Pact, Axis Pact, Three-way Pact or Tripartite Treaty was a pact signed in Berlin, Germany on September 27, 1940, which established the Axis Powers of World War II. The pact was signed by representatives of Germany (Adolf Hitler), Italy (foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano) and Japan (ambassador Saburo Kurusu).
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Axis Powers
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comprised the countries that were opposed to the Allies during World War II.[1] The three major Axis powers—Germany, Japan, and Italy—were part of a military alliance on the signing of the Tripartite Pact in September 1940, which officially founded the Axis powers. At their zenith, the Axis powers ruled empires that dominated large parts of Europe, Africa, East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, but World War II ended with their total defeat and dissolution
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Winston Churchill
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known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War (WWII). He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He served as prime minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to be recognised as an honorary citizen of the United States.
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Battle of Stalingrad
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a major battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in southwestern Russia between 17 July 1942 and 2 February 1943. The battle involved more participants than any other on the Eastern Front, and was marked by its brutality and disregard for military and civilian casualties. It was amongst the bloodiest in the history of warfare, with the upper estimates of combined casualties coming to nearly two million. The outcome was disastrous for Germany, making its victory in the East impossible.
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North African Campaign
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he Second World War, the North African Campaign took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940-16 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch) and Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign).
The campaign was fought between the Allies and Axis powers. The Allied war effort was dominated by the British Commonwealth and exiles from German–occupied Europe. The United States entered the war in 1941 and began direct military assistance in North Africa, on 11 May 1942. |
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Charles Nimitz
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a five-star admiral in the United States Navy. He held the dual command of Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet ("CinCPac" pronounced "sink-pack"), for U.S. naval forces and Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CinCPOA), for U.S. and Allied air, land, and sea forces during World War IIHe was the leading U.S. Navy authority on submarines, as well as Chief of the Navy's Bureau of Navigation in 1939. He served as Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) from 1945 until 1947. He was the United States' last surviving Fleet Admiral.
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OPA
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to control prices (price controls) and rents after the outbreak of World War II.
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Executive Order 9066
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a United States presidential executive order signed and issued during World War II by U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on February 19, 1942 authorizing the Secretary of War to prescribe certain areas as military zones. Eventually, EO 9066 cleared the way for the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.
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Nisei
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a Japanese language term used in countries in North America, South America and Australia to specify the children born to Japanese people in the new country.
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Atlantic Charter
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a statement agreed between Britain and the United States of America. It was intended as the blueprint for the postwar world after World War II, and turned out to be the foundation for many of the international agreements that currently shape the world.
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Big 3 Conference
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wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin, respectively—for the purpose of discussing Europe's postwar reorganization. Mainly, it was intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe. The conference convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta, the Crimea. It was the second of three wartime conferences among the Big Three (Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin).
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Battle of the Bulge
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the initial incursion the Germans put into the Allies' line of advance, as seen in maps presented in contemporary newspapers.
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manchuria
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the industrial region of northeast china
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USS Missouri
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Missouri was the last battleship built by the United States, and was the site of the surrender of the Empire of Japan which ended World War II.
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