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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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imperialism
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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.
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protectorate
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an independent country whose policies are controlled by an outside power
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Direct Rule
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system of colonial government in which the imperialist power controlled all levels of government and appointed its own officials to govern the colony. Ex. France in Indochina (Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam)
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Indirect Rule
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Same of protectorate. Colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status
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balance of trade
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the difference in value between a country's imports and exports.
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Scramble for Africa
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Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.
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Henry Morton Stanley
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British-American explorer of Africa, famous for his expeditions in search of Dr. David Livingstone. He helped King Leopold II establish the Congo Free State.
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King Leopold II
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King of Belgium (r. 1865-1909). He was active in encouraging the exploration of Central Africa and became the ruler of the Congo Free State (to 1908).
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Berlin Conference
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(1884-1885) a meeting at which representatives from European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa
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missionaries
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Tended to support imperialism as an opportunity for evangelism in other countries, to spread Christianity to other countries.
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Menelik II
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Emperor of Ethiopia who played Italians, British, and French against each other while buying weapons from France and Russia. In the Battle of Adowa, Ethiopian forces successfully defeated the Italians and maintained their independence.
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East India Company
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An English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia.
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Sepoy Mutiny
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1857-1858, Sepoys rebelled against the British government after a rumor they were using cow fat in their guns (cows are sacred in India). The East India company brutally put down the rebellion. After this, the British government dissolved the East India Company and took over the rule of India directly.
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British Raj
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The name for the British government's military rule of India between 1858 and 1947.
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Suez Canal
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Ship canal dug across the isthmus of Suez in Egypt, designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. It opened to shipping in 1869 and shortened the sea voyage between Europe and Asia. Its strategic importance led to the British conquest of Egypt in 1882.
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quinine
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An agent that proved effective in controlling attacks of malaria, which had previously decimated Europeans in the tropics.
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Forces Driving Imperialism
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Industrialization, Nationalism, Missionaries, Belief in European Superiority
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Social Darwinism
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a debunked (not credible) social theory that suggested the principles of evolution could be applied to human societies
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Advantages for European Domination
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Superior technology
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Disadvantages for Africans
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Disunity
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Paternalism
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Governing people in a parent-like way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights
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Geopolitics
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an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location of products
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The Great Game
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Great Britain and Russia competed for Muslim lands in Central Asia, became known as this.
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The Jewel in the Crown
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India's nickname during British rule due to its status as Britain's most profitable colony
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Hawaii
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U.S. interest here began due to its it strategic location between U.S. and China, East India
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Queen Liliuokalani
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Hawaiian queen who was pushed off her thrown by U.S. businessmen
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