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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacteria
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One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being the Archaea
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Binary fission
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The type of cell division by which prokaryotes reproduce; each dividing daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome
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chemoautotrophs
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An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances.
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obligate aerobes
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An organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot live without it
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Methanogens
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d
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genophore
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d
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domain
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A taxonomic category above the kingdom level; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
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transformation
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The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is assimilated by a cell
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commensalism
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A symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont benefits but the host is neither helped nor harmed
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exotoxins
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A toxic protein secreted by a bacterial cell that produces specific symptoms even in the absence of the bacterium
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endotoxins
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A component of the outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria responsible for generalized symptoms of fever and ache
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peptidoglycan
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A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides
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conjugation
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In bacteria, the transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined
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photoheterotrophs
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An organism that uses light to generate ATP but that must obtain carbon in organic form
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faculatative anaerobes
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An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions
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decomposers
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Saprotrophic fungi and bacteria that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms, and convert them into inorganic forms
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gram stain
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A staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of bacterial cell walls
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transduction
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The transfer of genetic material (DNA) from one cell to another by a virus
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symbiosis
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An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct contact
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gram-positive
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d
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endospores
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A thick-coated, resistant cell produced within a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions.
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parasites
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An organism that absorbs nutrients from the body fluids of living hosts
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obligated anaerobes
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An organism that cannot use oxygen and is poisoned by it
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symbiont
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The smaller participant in a symbiotic relationship, living in or on the host
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gram-negative
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d
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photoautotrophs
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An organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide
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nitrogen fixation
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The assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by certain prokaryotes into nitrogenous compounds that can be directly used by plants
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