Ch 26 Assesment Of Cardiovascular Function

Front 1

The Coronary arteries arise from the?

Back 1

Aorta near the origin of the left ventricle

Front 2

The intrinsic Pacemaker rate of ventricular myocardial cells is?

Back 2

Fewer than 40bpm

Front 3

Heart rate is stimulated by what three factors?

Back 3

excess thyroid hormone

increased levels of circulating catecholamines

The sympathetic nervous system

Front 4

HR is not stimulated by what?

Back 4

the vagus nerve

Front 5

changes in cardiac structure associated with aging ( List 3)

Back 5

1. elongation of the aorta

2. endocardial fibrosis

3. increased size of left atrium

Front 6

What is not a change in cardiac structure associated with aging?

Back 6

increased sensitivity to baroreceptors

Front 7

The nurse assessing a patient for postural hypotension reconizes that the following is a positive sign.

Back 7

an increase of 10mm Hg reading.

Front 8

List the five categories of CVD

Back 8

1. HTN

2. Coronary artery Disease

3. Heart Failure

4. Stroke

5. Congenital Cardiovascular defects

Front 9

Estimate the cardiac output, per beat, for an adult HR of 76bpm with an average stroke volume of 70ML per beat.

* Hint: Cardiac output = ( stroke volume x HR)

Back 9

70 x 76 = 5,320mL

Front 10

List three major cardiovascular Risk factors

Back 10

1.Hyperlipidemia

2. HTN

3. DM

Front 11

To asses the apical pulse, the nurse would find the following location:

Back 11

below the 5th intercoastal space and lateral to mid-clavicular line.

Front 12

The two most specific enzymes traditionally used to analyze an acute MI are_____ and _____ two new biomarkers, _____ and ______ , are early indicators of MI

Back 12

Creatinie kinase (CK) and isoenzyme (CK-MB); troponin T and I and myoglobin

Front 13

List several purposes of Cardiac Catheterization

Back 13

1. asses patency of pts coronary arteries

2. Determine readiness for coronary bypass surgery

3. to measure pressures in various heart chambers

4. to determine oxygen sat of blood by sampling specimens

Front 14

Describe selective angiography

Back 14

Technique of injecting contrast medium into vascular system to outline a particular heart chamber of blood vessel

Front 15

Discuss the implications of a low CVP reading

Back 15

a low CVP indicates pt is hypovolemic. Serial measurments are more reflective of a patients conditon and should be correlated with patients clinical status.

Front 16

Idintify seven possible complications of pulmonary artery monitoring

Back 16

1. infection

2. pulmonary artery rupture

3. pulmonary thromboembolism

4. pulmonary infarction

5. cath kinking

6. dysrhythmias

7. air embolism

Front 17

Seperates the right and left atria

Back 17

bicuspid valve

Front 18

Is located at the juncture of the superior vena cava and right atrium

Back 18

sinatrial node

Front 19

sits between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Back 19

pulmonic valve

Front 20

Distributes blood to the lungs

Back 20

pulmonary artery

Front 21

Is embedded in the RA wall near the tricuspid valve

Back 21

Atrioventricular Node

Front 22

The pulmonary artery is to the lungs

As the aorta is to?

Back 22

the remainder of the body

Front 23

Epicardium is to the outer layer of cells lining the heart

As_____ is to the heart muscle itself

Back 23

myocardium

Front 24

Apical area of the heart is to the fith intercoastal space

As erbs point is to?

Back 24

third intercoastal space

Front 25

The first heart sound is to closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

As the second heart sound is to closure of the_________?

Back 25

the aortic and pulmonic valves

Front 26

Murmurs is to malfunctioing valves

As friction rubs are to?

Back 26

abrasion of the pericardial surfaces

Front 27

The nurse immediately inspects the patients skin. She observes a bluish tinge around the patients lips. She knows that this is an indication of?

Back 27

peripheral cyanosis

Front 28

The nurse takes a baseline BP measurment after the patient has rested for 10 minutes in a supine postion. The reading that reflects a reduced pulse pressure is?

Back 28

140/120mm HG

Front 29

Five min after the initial BP is taken, the nurse asseses additional readings with the patient in a sitting, and then in a standing position. The reading indicative of an abnormal postural response would be?

Back 29

lying 140/110

sitting 135/100

Standing 120/90

Front 30

The nurse auscultates the apex of the heart by placing a stethoscope over?

Back 30

the fith intercoastal space.