Ch 24 Part 6

Front 1

When any fuel is burned it consumes oxygen and liberates what

Back 1

Heat

Front 2

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed only converted from one form to ____

Back 2

Another if we apply the first law of thermodynamics to sell metabolism it means that bond energy released on foods or cat

Front 3

If we apply the first law of thermodynamics to cell metabolism it means that bond energy released when foods are catalyzed must be precisely balance by the total energy output of the body. Therefore, energy intake equals what?

Back 3

Energy output

Front 4

What is energy output

Back 4

Energy output includes the energy immediately lost as heat about 60%, the energy used to do work which is driven by ATP and the energy stored as fat or glycogen.

Front 5

Energy intake is what

Back 5

The energy liberated during food oxidation

Front 6

Because losses of organic molecules in urine, feces and sweat or very small and healthy people they are usually ignored in calculating what?

Back 6

Energy output

Front 7

Nearly all the energy derived from food stuffs is eventually converted to what?

Back 7

Heat

Front 8

Heat is lost during what cellular activities?

Back 8

Every cellular activity including when ATP bonds are formed and when they are broken to do work, as muscles contract, through friction as blood flows through blood vessels

Front 9

Though cells cannot use heat as energy to do work the heat warms the tissues and blood and helps maintain the homeostatic body temperature that allows what to occur efficiently

Back 9

Metabolic reactions

Front 10

Energy storage is an important part of the equation only during periods of what

Back 10

Growth and net fat deposit

Front 11

When energy intake and energy output or balance body weight remain stable. When they are not white is either gained or lost unfortunately for many people the body’s weight controlling systems appear to be designed more to protect against weight _____ than weight gain

Back 11

loss

Front 12

Body mass index is a formula for determining ____based on a persons weight relative to height

Back 12

Obesity

Front 13

To estimate BMI multiply weight in pounds by what number and then divide by your height in inches squared

Back 13

705

Front 14

What is an overweight BMI

Back 14

Between 25 and 30 and carries some health risks

Front 15

Obesity is a BMI greater than what it has markedly increased health risk

Back 15

Greater than 30

Front 16

A body fat content of 18 to 20% of body weight is deemed normal for adults. True or false?

Back 16

True

Front 17

Obesity is perplexing and poorly understood however obesity related diseases include what

Back 17

Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation accompanies obesity and contributes to insulin resistance and type two diabetes, people who are obese also have a higher incidence of arthrosclerosis, hypertension heart disease, and osteoarthritis

Front 18

In America two out of three adults are what

Back 18

Overweight

Front 19

One out of every three Americans is what

Back 19

Obese

Front 20

What percentage of American kids are obese today

Back 20

Over 17%

Front 21

How is feeding behavior and hunger regulated?

Back 21

Neural signals from the digestive tract, hormones, and blood levels of nutrients. to a smaller degree, body temperature and psychological factors also play a role