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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the three kinds of chemoheterotrophs?
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holozoic, saprophytic, parasitic
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eat food, digest, absorb - type of chemoheterotroph
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holozoic
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what do holozoic heterotroph do?
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eat food, digerst, absorb
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digest dead material extracellularly, absorb - type of heterotroph
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saprophytic
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what do saptrophytic heterotrophs do?
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digest dead material extracellularly, absorb
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gets nutrition from a living host - type of heterotroph
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parasitic
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what do parasitic heterotrophs do?
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gets nutrition from a living host
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what are the three symbiotic relationships?
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mutualism, parasitism, commensalism
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what is a mutualism relationship?
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both organisms benefit
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both organisms benefit
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mutualism
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what is a parasitism relationship?
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benefit one and negeative to other
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benefit one and negative to other
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parasitism
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what is commensalism?
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benefits one and neutral to other
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benefits one and neutral to other
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commensalism
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what kind of heterotroph is fungi?
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saprophytic and parasitic
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what does fungi lack?
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chlorophyll
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how does fungi reproduce?
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asexually and sexually
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Fungi - Unicellular or Multicellular?
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Multicellular (yeast is uni)
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what is fungi composed of?
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hyphae
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what is hyphae?
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threadlike filaments
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threadlike filaments
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hyphae
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many hyphae =
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mycelium
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what is mycelium
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many hyphae
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what may be contained in hyphae
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cross-walls called septa
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what does septa do?
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divides hyphae into separate cells
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what are coenocytic hyphae?
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lack cross-walls
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cells walls of hyphae contain
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chitin
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what is chitin?
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carbohydrate
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what do the tips of hyphae do?
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secrete digestive enzymes
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what do the enzymes from hyphae do?
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break down organic material into simpler forms that can be absorbed by hyphae
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3 major lineages of fungi
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zygomycota, ascomycota, basidiomycota
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conjugation or zygospore forming fungi
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zygomycota
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how does zygomycota reproduce?
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asexually and sexually
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fruiting bodies
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sporangia
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what are sporangia?
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fruiting bodies
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most diverse fungi group
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ascomycota
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aka sac fungi
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ascomycota
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aka club fungi
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basidiomycota
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what is another name for ascomycota?
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sac fungi
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what is another name for basidiomycota?
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club fungi
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what does ascomycota produce?
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asexual spores called conidia; sexual ascospores in sac-shaped cells called asci
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asexual spores produces by ascomycota
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conidia
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what is conidia?
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asexual spores produced by ascomycota
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what is asci?
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sac-shaped cells
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produce sexual ascospores in sac-shaped cells
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ascomyctoa
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what are some diseases produced by sac fungi?
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athlete's foot, ringworm, dutch elm disease, chestnut blight
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what causes the following: athlete's foot, ringworm, dutch elm disease, chestnut blight
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sac fungi aka ascomycota
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atypical sac fungi
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yeast
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Yeast - Unicellular or Multicellular
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Unicellular
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how does yeast reproduce?
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most reproduction is asexual by budding
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most reproduction is asexual by budding
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yeast
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what does dikaryotic mean?
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two nuclei existing in same cell
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two nuclei existing in same cell
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dikaryotic
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what are ectomycorrhizal fungi?
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hyphae form net around roots
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hyphae form net around roots
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ectomycorrhizal fungi
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fungus actually enters root cell
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endomycorrhizal fungi
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what are endomycorrhizal fungi?
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fungus that actually enters root cell
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species that have never been observed to form sexual spores
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imperfect fungi
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what is imperfect fungi?
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species that have never been observed to form sexual spores
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what is lichen?
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combination of fungus and photosynthetic organisms
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combination of fungus and photosynthetic organisms
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lichen
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organisms are symbionts (both benefiting)
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lichen
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fungi thats relationship is mutualism
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lichen
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how are lichens an early warning system
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lichens are very sensitive to deteriorating environmental conditions, absorb toxins but cannot get rid of them
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what is the endosymbiotic theory?
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mitochondria & chloroplasts were formerlly free-living Eubacteria that were endocytosed by an ancestral cell resulting in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship
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mitochondria & choloroplasts were formerly free-living Eubacteria that were endocytosed by an ancestral cell resulting in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship
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The Endosymbiotic Theory
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Endosymbiotic Theory Evidence
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* Similarity of chloroplasts to cyanobacteria & mitochondria to bacteria
* Size * Double membrane * Replicate independently of nucleus & like bacteria * Genome * Ribosomes prokaryotic * Contains mRNA's and tRNA's like bacteria |
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what is a genome?
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single circular DNA "naked" no histone proteins
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single circular DNA "naked" no histone proteins
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genome
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structures for cell motility
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flagella & cilia
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what are flagella & cilia?
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structures for cell motility
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what kind of internal structure does flagella and cilia have?
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9 + 2
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have a 9 + 2 internal structure?
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flagella & cilia
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made of microtubules?
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flagella & cilia
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what are flagella & cilia made of?
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microtubules
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what are flagella & cilia covered by?
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cell membrane
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Cilia characteristics?
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short & many on cell
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Flagella characteristics?
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longer & 1 or few per cell
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short & many on cell
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cilia
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longer & 1 or few per cell
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flagella
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what connect the 9 doublets
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dynein arms
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dynein arms connect?
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9 doublets
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walk on microtubules causing movement and powered by ATP
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dynein arms
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basal body of flagella & cilia is identical to?
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centriole
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the centriole is identical to?
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basal body
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