Ch 24 Evolution By Natural Selection

Front 1

evolution

Back 1

1. the theory that all organisms on earth are related by common ancestry and that have changed over time, predominantly via natural selection

2. any change in genetic characteristics of a population over time, especially a change in allele frequencies

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population

Back 2

consists of individuals of the same species that are living in the same area at the same time

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transitional form

Back 3

a fossil species with traits that are intermediate between those of older and younger species

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geologic time scale

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sequence of eons, epochs, and periods

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vestigial traits

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reduced or incompletely developed structure that has no function or reduced function

clearly similar to functioning organs or structures in closely related species

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homology

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similarity in species descended from a common ancestor

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genetic homology

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similarity in the DNA sequence of different species

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developmental homology

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similarity in embryonic traits

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morphology

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form, of embryos and in the fate of particular embryonic tissues

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structural homology

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similarity in adult morphology

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natural selection

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the process by which individuals with certain heritable traits tend to produce more surviving offspring than do individuals w/o those traits, often leading to a change in the genetic makeup of the population

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darwin's fitness

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the ability of an individual to produce offspring, relative to that ability in other individuals in the population

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adaption

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a heritable trait that increases fitness of an individual in a particular environment

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genetic correlation

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a type of evolutionary constraint in which selection on one trait causes a change in another trait as well, may occur when same gene affect both traits

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fitness trade-off

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a compromise between traits, in terms of how those traits perform in the environment