Ch. 23B

Front 1

#1 The pharynx allows what to the esophagus

Back 1

Food and fluids

Front 2

#2 The pharynx allows what to the trachea

Back 2

Air

Front 3

#3 The pharynx has what 2 skeletal muscle layers

Back 3

Inner longitudinal and outer pharyngeal constrictors

Front 4

#4 What is the muscular tube goes from the larngopharynx to the stomach, pierces the diaphragm and joins the stomach at the cardiac orfice

Back 4

Esophagus

Front 5

#5 What happens to the esophagus when its empty

Back 5

It folds longitudinally and flattens

Front 6

#6 What helps move the bolus through the esophagus

Back 6

Glands secreting mucus

Front 7

#7 The esophagus changes from___to____

Back 7

Skeletal (superiorly), smooth muscle (inferiorly)

Front 8

#8 What is mechanical digetion

Back 8

Chewing

Front 9

#9 What initiates propulsion

Back 9

Swallowing

Front 10

#10 What does salivary amylase do

Back 10

Chemical breakdown of starch

Front 11

#11 When the bolus is forced into the oropharynx this is called what

Back 11

Buccal Phase

Front 12

#12 True or False: The buccal phase is unconscious control

Back 12

False

Front 13

#13 The pharyngeal is esophageal is controlled by what

Back 13

Medulla and lower pons

Front 14

#14 How does move through the pharnyx to the esophagus

Back 14

Peristalsis

Front 15

#15 When is food converted into chyme

Back 15

Stomach

Front 16

#16 How is the stomach supplied the nerves

Back 16

Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Front 17

#17 The muscularis of the stomach allows what to happen in the stomach

Back 17

Churn, mix, and pummel food physically

Front 18

#18 What is epithelial lining of stomach consist of

Back 18

Goblet cells that produce a coat of alkaline mucus

Front 19

#19 The gastric pits contain gastic glands that secrete what

Back 19

Gastric juice, mucus, and gastrin

Front 20

#20 What secretes acid mucus in the stomach

Back 20

Mucous neck cell

Front 21

#21 Parietal cells secrete what

Back 21

HCl and intrinsic factor

Front 22

#22 What does chief cells produce

Back 22

Pepsinogen

Front 23

#23 What does enterendocrine cells secrete

Back 23

Endorphins, serotonin, intrinic factor (Local control of that organ)

Front 24

#24 What does the stomach mucosal barrier consist of

Back 24

Thick coat of bicarbonate rich mucus, epithelial cells that join tight junctions and gastric glands that have cell impermeable to HCl

Front 25

#25 What delivers chyme to the small intestine

Back 25

Stomach

Front 26

#26 How does the stomach digest protein

Back 26

Enzymatically with pepsin

Front 27

#27 What is required for absorption of Vit. B 12

Back 27

Intrinsic Factor

Front 28

#28 Where is vitamin B 12 absorbed

Back 28

Ileum

Front 29

#29 What regulates the release of gastric juice

Back 29

Neural and hormonal mechanisms

Front 30

#30 What are the 3 phases of stimulatory and inhibitory events

Back 30

Cephalic (reflex), gastric, and intestinal

Front 31

#31 What are the excitatory events of the cephalic phase

Back 31

Sight or thought of food and stimulation of taste or smell

Front 32

#32 Inhibitory events of the cephalic phase are what

Back 32

loss of appetite or depression abd decrease in stimulation of parasympathetic division

Front 33

#33 What are the excitatory events of the gastric phase

Back 33

Stomach distension, activation of stretch receptors and chemoreceptors and release of gastrin into blood

Front 34

#34 What are the inhibitory events of the gastric phase

Back 34

Lower pH than 2, emotional upset overrides parasympathetic

Front 35

#35 What are the exitatory events of the intestinal phase

Back 35

lower pH, partially digested food enters duodenum, encourage gastric juice activity

Front 36

#36 What are the inhibitory events of the instestinal phase

Back 36

Distension of duodenum, presence of fatty, acidic or hypertonic chyme and/or irritants, closes pyloric sphincter

Front 37

#37 What is plasticity of the stomach

Back 37

Ability for the stomach to stretch and contract to the size of meal ingested to keep the same pressure

Front 38

#38 Where does the most peristalsis and mixing occur

Back 38

Near the Pylorus

Front 39

#39 True or False: The chyme is delivered in small amounts to the duodenum

Back 39

True

Front 40

#40 Why is chyme forced backward into the stomach

Back 40

Further mixing

Front 41

#41 What regulates gastric emptying

Back 41

Neural enterogastric reflex and hormonal mechanisms

Front 42

#42 True or False: Neural and hormonal allow more gastric secretion and duodenal filling

Back 42

False, they inhibit those activities

Front 43

#43 True or False carbohydrate cyhme moves quickly through the duodenum

Back 43

True

Front 44

#44 Fat-laden chyme is digested more__ causing food to remain in the stomach longer

Back 44

Slowly

Front 45

#45 How many subdivisions are there of the small instestine? What are they?

Back 45

3, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Front 46

#46 Where do the bile and pancreatic duct join

Back 46

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Front 47

#47 What controls the bile and pancreatic ducts

Back 47

Sphincter of Oddi

Front 48

#48 Where does ileum join the large intestine

Back 48

Ileocecal valve

Front 49

#49 What is the main function of the small instestine

Back 49

Absorbtion

Front 50

#50 Pancreas is very corrosive and breaksdown what

Back 50

All food types

Front 51

#51 The small instestine epithelium of the mucosa is made up of what

Back 51

Absorptive and goblet cells, enteroendocrine, and T cells

Front 52

#52 The Peyer's patches are found in the ileum and prevent what

Back 52

Back spread of bacteria from Lg. instestine

Front 53

#53 Brunner's glands secrete what in the duodenum

Back 53

Alkaline mucus to neutralize chyme

Front 54

#54 Inestinal juice is made up of what

Back 54

Largely water, enzyme poor, and mucus

Front 55

#55 What is the largest gland

Back 55

Liver

Front 56

#56 How many lobes does the liver have? What are they?

Back 56

4, right, left, caudate, quadrate

Front 57

#57 What does falciform ligament separate

Back 57

Right and left lobe

Front 58

#58 On the liver the ligamentum teres has the remnant of what

Back 58

Fetal umbilical vein

Front 59

#59 What anchors the liver to the stomach

Back 59

Lesser Omentum

Front 60

#60 Where do the hepatic blood vessels enter the liver

Back 60

Porta hepatis

Front 61

#61 Which 2 ducts form the bile duct

Back 61

Common hepatic and cystic ducts

Front 62

#62 The central vein on the liver is where what occurs

Back 62

Drainage

Front 63

#63 Where are the portal triads found

Back 63

At each of the six corners of each liver lobule

Front 64

#64 What are 3 things consist of portal triad

Back 64

Bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic portal vein

Front 65

#65 What does the hepatic artery supply to the liver

Back 65

Oxygen rich blood

Front 66

#66 What carries venous blood with nutrients from the digestive viscera to the liver

Back 66

Hepatic portal vein

Front 67

#67 What is significant about liver sinusoids

Back 67

Enlarged, leaky capillaries

Front 68

#68 Kupffer cells are ___ ____ found in liver sinusoids

Back 68

Hepatic macrophages

Front 69

#69 What includes production of bile, processing bloodborne nutrients, storage of fat soluble vits, and detoxification

Back 69

Hepatocyte function

Front 70

#70 What is the composition of the bile

Back 70

Yellow-green alkaline solution

Front 71

#71 What is a function of bile

Back 71

Emulsify fat

Front 72

#72 What is the chief pigment of bile

Back 72

Bilirubin, a waste product of heme

Front 73

#73 What does the gallbladder store

Back 73

Bile by absorbing its water and ions

Front 74

#74 How does the gallbladder release bile

Back 74

Cystic duct, which flows into the bile duct

Front 75

#75 What does the cholecystokinin (CCK) cause

Back 75

Gallbladder to contract and hepatopancreatic sphincter to relax