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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the common types of alcohols?
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1. Ethanol
2. Methanol 3. Ethylene glycol |
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What are durgs used to treat alcohol withdrawal?
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1. Thiamine
2. Diazepam |
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What are drugs used to treat alcohol dependence?
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1. Disulfram
2. Naltrexone 3. acamprosate |
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what are durgs used to acute methanol or ethylene glycol intoxication?
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1. Ethanol
2. fomepizole |
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Why does ADH have zero order mechanics? What does this do to our ethanol metabolism?
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1. Low supply of NAD+
2. Makes it fized from 7-10g/h (higher metab for men) |
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What other drugs besides disulfiram inhib ALDH?
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1. Oral hypoglycemics
2. Metronidazole 3. Cephalosporins |
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What are imp ranges of ROH intoxications in mg/dl?
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1. 60-80 can't drive
2. 120-160 gross drunkenness 3. 300 coma, fatal lung & heart depression 4. 500 + lethal |
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ACUTE FX: How does alcohol act as a depressant biochemically? on gross morph?
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1. Facilitates GABAa receptors and interferes with NMDA receptors
2. Relaxes vasc & uterine smooth muscle; depresses heart |
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What's #1 (by a lot) cause of tolerance? What's #2?
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1. CNS adaptation
2. Increased rate of ethanol mechanism |
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What are chronic FX of alcholism?
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1. Tolerance & dependence
2. Hepatitis (more B + C) 3. Peripheral neuropathy- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome 4.GI irritate/inflamm/bleed/scar 5. Altered steroid metab--> gonad atrophy, moobs 6. CV-HTN, anemia, dilated heart probs 7. Fetal ROH 8. Neoplasia-most GI, some breast 9. Immunity-Increases in liver and pacreas--> def in other areas |
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why is a lil wine daily good for you?
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Raises serum HDLs and may protect against CHD
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What is alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
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Withdrawal from alcohol results in insomnia, tremors, sezires, agitation, autonomic instability
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What is delirium tremens?
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Severe alcohol withdrawal where main symptoms are sweating, confusion, hallucinations, tremors
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When does fetal alcohol syndrome develop?
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1st trimester
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What's Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
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EOMI paralysis, ataxia, and confusion assoc with thiamien deficiency and chronic alcoholism
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TREATMENT for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Special consideration for liver?
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1. Long acting benzodiazepine:
(diazepam, chlordiazepoxide) 2. Liver prob--> Short-acting, simpler: Lorazepam |
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What dangerous mechanism of ethylene glycol?
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--> ADH--> oxalic acid--> acidosis, nephrotoxicity
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What's dangerous mechanims of methanol?
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--> ADH--> formaldehyde, formic acid--> severe acidosis, retinal damage, resp failure
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What pain reliever do you not use with alcohol? Why?
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tylenol b/c it can be converted to toxic metabolite
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When do you use ethanol as a treatment?
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Antidote on methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
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What type of drugs would u use to treat acute ethanol withdrawal?
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Benzodiapenes and barbituates
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How do you uncover some u suspect of alcoholism medically?
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See the FX of thiamine (b1)--> Prevent werknicke-korsakoff syndrome
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What does thiamine do?
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Sunth coenz thaimine phosphate
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How do you treat a patient that has had plenty of alcohol relapses? How does it work and why?
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Use naltrexone b/c it's a NONSELECTIVE OPIOID ANTAGONIST avl oral or parenterally
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What are side FX of naltrexone?
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GI FX, liver toxicity, opioid withdrawal
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What's another relapse prevention drug for alcoholics and how do they work?
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Acamprosate--> NMDA antagonist and GABAa agonist
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Side FX for acamprosate?
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GI Fx and rash
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What's use of fomepizole?
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Inhibit ADH and toxic methanol and ethylene glycol exposures
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Side FX of fomepizole?
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Headache, nausea, dizziness, rare allergies
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