Ch 23 Neurological System Fsmfn N400Pa

Front 1

Name the 4 types of reflexes

Back 1

1.) deep tendon reflexes
2.) superficial
3.) visceral
4.) pathological (abnormal)

Front 2

Name the 5 components of the deep tendon reflex

Back 2

1.) an intact sensory nerve
2.) a functional synapse in the cord
3.) an intact motor nerve fiber
4.) the neuromuscular junction
5.) a competent muscle

Front 3

define dermatome

Back 3

is a circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve

Front 4

__________ are more likely than ________ to have HTN and the tend to have strokes _______ in life and with more severe results

Back 4

Blacks
whites
earlier

Front 5

Blacks have almost _________ the riskd of first-ever stroke compated with whites

Back 5

twice

Front 6

Define synocope

Back 6

is a sudden loss of strength, a temporary loss of consciousness due to lack of cerebral blood flow.

Front 7

Define Paresis

Back 7

is a partial or incomplete peralysis.

Front 8

Define Paralysis

Back 8

is a loss of motor function due to a lesion in the neurologic or muscular system or loss of sensory innervation.

Front 9

Define dysmetria

Back 9

is the inablility to control rang eof motion of muscles.

Front 10

Define fasciculaton

Back 10

rapid, continuous twitching of resting muscle or part of muscle, without movement of limb, that can bee seen or palpated. Types: fine-occurs with lower motor neuron disease, associate with atrophy and weakness; coarse-occurs with cold exposure or fatigue and is not significant.

Front 11

Define Tic

Back 11

Involuntary, compulsive, repetive twitching of a muscle group, e.g. wink, grimace, head movement, shoulder shrug; due to a neurologic cause , e.g. tardive dyskinesias, tourette's sydrome, or psychogenic cause (habit tic)

Front 12

Define myoclonus

Back 12

Rapid, sudden jerk or a short series of jerks at fairly regular intervals. A hiccup is a myoclonus of diaphragm. Single myclonic arm or leg jerk is normal when the person is falling asleep; myoclonic jerks are sever with grand mal seizures.

Front 13

Define Tremor

Back 13

Involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups. Results in rhythmic, back n forth movement of one or more joints. May occur at rest or with voluntary movement. All tremors disappear while sleeping. Tremors may be slow or rapid

Front 14

Define Rest tremor

Back 14

Coars and slow partly or completely disappears with voluntary movement e.g. "pill rolling" tremor of parkinsonism, with thumb and opposing fingers

Front 15

Define Intention tremor

Back 15

Rate varies; worst with voluntary movement. Occurs with cerebellar disease and MS.

Front 16

Define Chorea

Back 16

Sudden, rapid, jerky, purposelss movement involving limbs, trunk or face. Occurs at regular intervals, not rhythmic or repetitive, more convulsive than a tic. Some are spontaneous, and some are initiated; all are accentuated by voluntary acts. Disappears with sleep. Common with Sydenham's chorea and Huntingtons disease.

Front 17

Define spastic hemiparesis

Back 17

Arm is immobile against the body, with fexion of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, and adduction of shoulder. The leg is stiff and extended and circumducts with each step. (drags toe in semicircle).

Front 18

Define Cerebellar Ataxia

Back 18

Staggering, wide-based gait; difficulty with turns; uncoordinated movement with positive Romberg sign

Front 19

Define parkinsonian (festinating)

Back 19

Posture is stooped; trunk is pitched forward; elbows hips and knees are flexed. Steps are short and shuffling. Hesitation to begin walking, and difficult to stop suddenly. The person holds the body rigid. Walks and turns body as on fixed unit. Difficulty with any change in direction