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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system. What are the three primary components of this system?
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The heart, blood vessels, and blood
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There are three kinds of blood vessels; name them and explain the function of each.
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1)Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
2)Veins- return blood from tissues to heart 3)Capillaries- tiniest vessels between the arteries and veins (site of exchange, many vessels together for capillary beds, and large surface area to volume ratio) |
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Blood flow in the circulatory system is divided into two circuits. Name them and describe how they each function.
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1)Pulmonary circuit- carries blood between the heart and the lungs. Function: gas exchange.
2)Systemic circuit- moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. |
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Detail which vessels of each circuit carry oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
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blood flow in arteries: heart pumps blood away
1)The the lings via pulmonary arteries (oxygen poor) 2)To body tissues via the aorta (oxygen rich) Blood flow in veins: return blood to the heart 1)From the lungs via pulmonary vein (oxygen rich) 2)From the body tissues via the vena cava (oxygen poor) valves ensure that blood moves in the right direction. |
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What is blood pressure? How is it measured?
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the force of blood against blood vessel walls, pushes fluid from blood into capillary beds of tissues, makes chemical exchange possible. measured at pressure (mmHg)
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Blood pressure is a good thing but too much can be bad. What do we call the condition of blood pressure that is too high?
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too high of pressure is called hyoertension.
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What are the consequences of long-term high blood pressure? Can it be managed? If so, how?
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Consequences are stroke, heart failure, kidney failure
Yes it can be managed with diet, exercise, medication is usually effective. |
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Blood is made up of blood plasma and different kinds of cells. What is the primary component of plasma?
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Plasma is 90% water.
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What are the different kinds of cells in blood? Which is important for gas transport and what about its structure equips it for transporting gases?
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Red blood cells carry water and carbon dioxide
White blood cells fight infections and cancer Red blood cells are shaped like disks with indentions in the middle, increasing the surface area available for gas exchange. |
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What is a heart attack?
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A thrombus is a blood clot that forms in the absence of injury. An embolus is a thrombus that dislodges from its point of origin and travels in the blood. If the embolus lodges in an artery of the heart and is large enough to block it, a heart attack occurs.
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How can a person protect against cardiovascular disease?
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Eating a heart-healthy diet, low in cholesterol, trans fat, and saturated fat and high in fruits and vegetables, by exercising, and eliminating the use of tobacco.
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The circulatory and respiratory systems are designed for gas exchange. Which gases are exchanged? Relate those gases to another important cellular process that supports you and your body.
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Respiratory system takes oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide but it relies on the circulatory system to shuttle these gases between the lungs and body’s cells.
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How are the lungs structured to function efficiently in gas exchange?
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In the lungs, gas exchange occurs between blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli and the air within the aleoli. The gases exchange by diffusion. Oxygen moves out of the air and into the blood because air is richer in oxygen than blood is. Carbon dioxide also diffuses along a gradient, int his case from the blood to the air in the lungs.
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Smoking kills a lot of people in the US every year. Why does tobacco smoke pose such a human health risk?
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Tobacco smoke irritates the cells that line the respiratory system. Inhibits ability to remove foreign substances from the airway. (lung cancer, emphysema)
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