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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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innate defense |
nonspecific; respond immediately
1st- external barriers 2nd- internal nonspecific |
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adaptive defense |
specific; systematic; memory
3rd- specific/particular |
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1st line defense components |
skin; mucous mem; secretions |
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2nd line defense components (5) |
phagocytic cells; NKcells; antimicrobial proteins (interferions (IFN) and compliment); imflamation; fever |
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interferons |
produced by virally infected cells to protect surrounding |
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complement proteins
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group; enhances immune response (both innate and specific)
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inflammation (3 purposes)
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attempts keep localized; disposes cell debris and pathogens; sets stage repair
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4 cardinal signs inflammation |
1. redness 2. heat (result vasodial) 3. pain 4. swelling (result 'leaky' caps) '5'. loss function |
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3 Stages Inflammatory Response |
1. vasodialation 2. emigration phagocytes 3. tissue repair |
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5 stages phagocytosis |
1. chemotaxis (chemical signals) 2. adherence 3. ingestion 4. digestion 5. killing = acidification |
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opsonization |
protein coat to make easier phagocyte bind |
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mast cells (+basophils)
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release histamine and heparin causing: |
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chemotaxis |
attracts WBCs |
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toll-like receptors (TLRs) |
surface mem receptors recognize class microb; release cytokinses (inflamatory chemicals) |
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eosinophils |
release enzymes kill parasitic worms, and enzyme helps break down histamine and heparin |
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mobilizing phagocytes (4 steps) |
1. Leukocytosis (neutrophils enter blood) 2. margination (neut cling cap wall) 3. diapedesis (neut squeeze out caps) 4. chemotaxis (chem trail) |
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antimicrobial proteins |
direct attack; prevent reproduction; activate macrophages; mobilize NKs
(interferons (IFNs) and compliments) |
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gamma (y) interferon |
lymphocytes produce; widespread immune mobilization |
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alpha (a) and beta (B) interferons |
a- WBCs produce B- fibroblasts produce
antiviral ('interfere' by blocking healthy cells), activate NKs
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natural killer cells (NKs) |
promote apoptosis by direct attack |
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IgM |
fix compliment; primary response (1st released); largest |
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IgA |
found mucous/saliva; prevent pathogen attachment |
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IgD |
activation B cell (always bound B) |
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IgG |
cross placenta (passive immunity); biggest #; wide range protection; fix compliments |
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IgE |
allegies/asthma (causes release histamine) |
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immunological memory |
memory cells sensitized after 2nd immune response |
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2 functions complete antigens |
immunogenicity- stimulate proliforation
reactivity- react w/ released products lymphocytes |
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hapten |
incomplete antigen, becomes immunogenic when attach body proteins |
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epitope |
antigenic determinant microbe |
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Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Protein |
all cells (except RBC); activate/inform CD8; endogenous antigens (synth inside cell) |
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Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex (MCH) Protein |
only surface presenting antigens; show antigen; exogenous (take in antigen to present) |
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2 types Naive T cells |
CD4- helper T (most), reg T (few); class ii MHC
CD8- cytotoxic T; class i MHC |
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Helper T cells |
activate other lymphocytes, macrophages; direct response; most CD4 |
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Regulatory T cells |
moderate immune response; few CD4 |
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Cytotoxic T cells |
destroy; all CD8 |
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effector cells |
action doing lymphocytes (as opposed to memory) |
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phagocytotic cells |
neutrophils (first responders), macrophages |
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antigen presenting cells |
dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells |
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Positive Selection |
recognize self MHC proteins survive |
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Negative Selection |
do not recognize self antigen displayed by MHC protein survive |
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MHC Proteins |
2 classes; groove displays either self or foreign antigen |
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) |
defective development/ function lymphocytes; first year, 'failure to thrive'; treat bone marrow transplant |
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Hodgkins lymphoma |
cancer lymphatic system, cells grow abnormally, may spread, compromise immune system; common, curable |
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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
cancerous lymphocyte lymph nodes; far more common |
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myasthenia gravis |
chronic weakness skel muscles; therapies allow normal life span; most common women < 40, men > 60 |
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Type I diabetes |
pancreas produces little/no insulin (needed sugar energy)
symptoms: thist/ rination, hunger, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision |
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rheumatoid arthritis |
immune system attacks own tissue; painful swelling joints result bone erosion and deformity; treat control symptoms and prevent damage; women 40-60 |
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multiple sclerosis |
immune system eats away myelin sheaths nerves; manage symptoms, slow progression; white women 20-40 |
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digeorge syndrome |
t lymphocyte deficiency result deletion chromosome; physical abnormalities (low ears, small jaw, wide spread eyes) |
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autograph |
2 unrelated people; most common |
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isograph |
identical twins |
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autograph |
self graft |
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xenograph |
between species |
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acquired immunity (4 act/pas nat/art) |
active natural- infection active artificial- vaccine passive natural- placenta/ breast milk passive artificial- someone else's cells |
