Ch 20, The United States Looks Overseas

Front 1

isolationism

Back 1

Foreign policy of having little or nothing to do with other nations

Front 2

Imperialism

Back 2

policy of when a powerful, stronger nation seeks to take control of the economic and political affairs of weaker nations or a region. Often leads to colonies. Examples- Europe in Africa; U.S. and Philippines.

Front 3

Manifest Destiny

Back 3

the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent.

Front 4

"Seward's Folly"

Back 4

Critical name given to Secretary of State, William Seward's 1867 purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million from Russia. People believed it to be a worthless "icebox" until gold was discovered in 1897, later oil in 1968.

Front 5

Sphere of influence

Back 5

an area, usually around a seaport, where a nation had special trading privileges and laws to protect their citizens. See China.

Front 6

Open Door Policy

Back 6

1899- Policy proposed by U.S. to allow any nation (Europe, Japan, U.S.) to be allowed to trade in any other nation's sphere of influence in China.

Front 7

Japan

Back 7

An island nation in East Asia

Front 8

Alaska

Back 8

the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait.

Front 9

Russia

Back 9

A country in northern Eurasia.

Front 10

Hawaii

Back 10

The newest of the 50 U.S. states (August 21, 1959), and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia.

Front 11

Purchase of Alaska

Back 11

the acquisition of the Alaska territory by the United States from Russia in 1867 by a treaty ratified by the Senate.

Front 12

Annexation of Hawaii

Back 12

America's annexation of Hawaii in 1898 extended U.S. territory into the Pacific and highlighted resulted from economic integration and the rise of the United States as a Pacific power. For most of the 1800s, leaders in Washington were concerned that Hawaii might become part of a European nation's empire. During the 1830s, Britain and France forced Hawaii to accept treaties giving them economic privileges. In 1842, Secretary of State Daniel Webster sent a letter to Hawaiian agents in Washington affirming U.S. interests in Hawaii and opposing annexation by any other nation. He also proposed to Great Britain and France that no nation should seek special privileges or engage in further colonization of the islands. In 1849, the United States and Hawaii concluded a treaty of friendship that served as the basis of official relations between the parties.

A key provisioning spot for American whaling ships, fertile ground for American protestant missionaries, and a new source of sugarcane production, Hawaii's economy

Front 13

Boxer Rebellion

Back 13

in northern China, was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" (義和團 - Yìhétuán), or "Righteous Fists of Harmony" or "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists" (known as "Boxers" in English), in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. The uprising took place in response to foreign "spheres of influence" in China, with grievances ranging from opium traders, political invasion, economic manipulation, to missionary evangelism.

Front 14

President Millard Fillmore

Back 14

the 13th President of the United States (1850–1853) and the last member of the Whig Party to hold the office of president. As Zachary Taylor's Vice President, he assumed the presidency after Taylor's death.
Fillmore opposed the proposal to keep slavery out of the territories annexed during the Mexican–American War (to appease the South), and so supported the Compromise of 1850, which he signed, including the Fugitive Slave Act ("Bloodhound Law") which was part of the compromise. On the foreign policy front, he furthered the rising trade with Japan and clashed with the French over Napoleon III's attempt to annex Hawaii, and with the French and the British over the attempt of Narciso López to invade Cuba. After his presidency, he joined the Know-Nothing movement; throughout the Civil War, he opposed President Lincoln and during Reconstruction supported President Johnson.

Front 15

Commodore Matthew Perry

Back 15

American sea captain; sent by Pres. M. Fillmore to Japan (1853) to open trade and end their isolation. Signed Treaty of Kanagawa.

Front 16

Sec. of State William Seward

Back 16

the 12th Governor of New York, United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. A determined opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the American Civil War, he was a dominant figure in the Republican Party in its formative years, and was widely regarded as the leading contender for the party's presidential nomination in 1860 – yet his very outspokenness may have cost him the nomination.

Front 17

Queen Liliuokalani

Back 17

the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

Front 18

President Grover Cleveland

Back 18

the 22nd and 24th president of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885–1889 and 1893–1897) and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for president three times—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was the only Democrat elected to the presidency in the era of Republican political domination that lasted from 1860 to 1912.

Front 19

President William McKinley

Back 19

the 25th President of the United States (1897–1901). He is best known for winning fiercely fought elections, while supporting the gold standard and high tariffs; he succeeded in forging a Republican coalition that for the most part dominated national politics until the 1930s. He also led the nation to victory in 100 days in the Spanish–American War.

Front 20

Sec. of State John Hay

Back 20

was an American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln.

Front 21

boxers

Back 21

The Boxers believed that through training, diet, martial arts, and prayer they could perform extraordinary feats, such as flight. Further, they popularly claimed that millions of spirit soldiers would descend from the heavens and assist them in purifying China of foreign influences. The Boxers consisted of local farmers/peasants and other workers who were made desperate by disastrous floods and widespread opium addiction and laid the blame on Christian missionaries, Chinese Christians, and the Europeans colonizing their country. Missionaries were protected under the policy of extraterritoriality. Chinese Christians were alleged also to have filed false lawsuits.[4] The Boxers called foreigners "Guizi" (鬼子, literally: demons), a deprecatory term, and condemned Chinese Christian converts and Chinese working for foreigners. The Boxers were only lightly armed with rifles and swords, claiming supernatural invulnerability towards blows of cannon, rifle gunshots, and knife attacks. The Boxers were typical of mi