Ch 20: The Civil Rights Movement

Front 1

de jure segregation

Back 1

segregation that is imposed by law

Front 2

de facto segregation

Back 2

segregation by unwritten custom or tradition

Front 3

Thurgood Marshall

Back 3

African American lawyer who led the legal team that challenged segregation in the courts; later named a Supreme Court justice

Front 4

Earl Warren

Back 4

Supreme Court Chief Justice who wrote the decision that ended segregation in public schools

Front 5

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Back 5

law that established a federal Civil Rights Commission

Front 6

Rosa Parks

Back 6

African American woman arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person, leading to a prolonged bus boycott

Front 7

Montgomery bus boycott

Back 7

a 1955-1956 protest by African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, against racial segregation in the bus system

Front 8

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Back 8

Baptist preacher and civil rights leader who advocated nonviolent protest against segregation

Front 9

sit-in

Back 9

a form of protest where participants sit and refuse to move

Front 10

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Back 10

a grass-roots civil rights organization

Front 11

freedom ride

Back 11

1961 protest by activists who rode buses through southern states to test the ban on rider segregation on interstate buses

Front 12

James Meredith

Back 12

black Air Force veteran who enrolled at the all-white University of Mississippi

Front 13

Medgar Evers

Back 13

civil rights activist instrumental in the effort to desegregate the University of Mississippi

Front 14

March on Washington

Back 14

1963 demonstration in which 200,000 people rallied for economic equality and civil rights

Front 15

filibuster

Back 15

tactic by which senators give long speeches in order to delay action on legislation

Front 16

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 16

outlawed discrimination in public places and employment based on race, religion, or national origin

Front 17

Freedom Summer

Back 17

1964 effort to register African American voters in Mississippi

Front 18

Fannie Lou Hamer

Back 18

one of the leaders of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Front 19

Voting Rights Act

Back 19

law that banned literacy tests and empowered the federal government to oversee voter registration

Front 20

Twenty-fourth Amendment

Back 20

constitutional amendment that banned the poll tax as a voting requirement

Front 21

Kerner Commission

Back 21

group appointed by President Johnson to determine the causes of the race riots in American cities in the 1960s

Front 22

Malcolm X

Back 22

African American radical leader

Front 23

African American radical leader

Back 23

African American religious organization that advocated separation of the races

Front 24

black power

Back 24

a 1960s movement that urged African Americans to use their collective political and economic power to gain equality

Front 25

Black Panthers

Back 25

an organization of militant African Americans founded in 1966

Front 26

Brown v. Board of Education

Back 26

Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.