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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gold standard for OSA dx
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polysomnography
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OSA: can lead to...
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1.behavioral problems
2.poor school performance |
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T/F: bilateral choanal atresia = surgical emergency
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true (cyanosis)
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polysomnography does what?
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measures...
1.respiratory effort 2.air flow 3.oxygenation 4.HR |
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DDx for wheezing & respiratory distress
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1.bronchiolitis
2.foreign body aspiration 3.GERD 4.TEF 5.vascular sling |
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T/F: arterioles sensitive to oxygen tension
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true
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diffusion defects: causes
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1.PE
2.congenital vascular abnlities 3.prolonged atelectasis |
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pectus excavatum
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depression in sternum
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pectus carinatum
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outward deformity of sternum
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T/F: obesity can be a cause of restrictive lung disease
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true
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chest wall abnlities causing restrictive lung disease
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1.pectus excavatum/carinatum
2.scoliosis 3.obesity 4.neuromuscular (Guillan, DMD) |
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restrictive lung disease: space-occupying lesions
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1.pleural effusion
2.pericardial effusion 3.chylothorax 4.hemothorax 5.pneumothorax 6.tumors 7.mediastinal masses 8.cystic adenomatous malformations 9.diaphragmatic hernia 10.pulmonary sequestrations |
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pulmonary hemosiderosis
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abnl accumulation of hemosiderin due to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
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T/F: recurrent aspiration typically leads to interstitial lung disease
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true
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pulmonary hemosiderosis: associated w/...
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1.cow milk allergy
2.Goodpasture syndrome |
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Sx of restrictive lung disease
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1.exercise intolerance
2.dyspnea 3.SOB 4.clubbing fingers/toes 5.pulmonary HTN |
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apnea
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cessation of breathing > 20 sec
or breathing pauses w/color changes, hypotonia, decreased responsiveness, or bradycardia |
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apnea of infancy does/doesn't increase risk of SIDS
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doesn't
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most common presentation in CF
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FTT
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CF: inheritance pattern
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autosomal recessive
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meconium ileus pathognomonic for...
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cystic fibrosis
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acute life-threatening complications of cystic fibrosis
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1.hemoptysis
2.spontaneous pneumothorax |
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pulmonary problems categorization
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1.obstruction
2.restrictive 3.v-q mismatch 4.abnl ventilation control |
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upper airway
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nose -> carina
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upper airway obstructions
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1.choanal atresia
2.vaginal delivery trauma -> recurrent laryngeal n. damage -> vocal cord paralysis 3.subglottic stenosis (prolonged intubation) 4.laryngomalacia 5.congenital (hemangiomas, laryngeal webs, vascular rings) |
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small hypopharynx seen in...
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Pierre-Robin's syndrome
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T/F: bilateral choanal atresia can be life-threatening
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true (choanal atresia -> cyanosis -> life-threatening)
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vocal cord dysfunction: suspect if...
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1.hoarse cry
2.absent cry |
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inability to pass NG tube: suggests...
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choanal atresia
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choanal atresia: tx
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surgery
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vascular rings: tx
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surgery
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infectious causes of upper airway obstruction in older child
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1.epiglottitis
2.peritonsillar abscess 3.retropharyngeal abscess 4.mono 5.bacterial tracheitis 6.croup |
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non-infectious causes of upper airway obstruction in older child
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1.tonsillary & adenoidal hypertrophy
2.anaphylaxis 3.nasal polyps |
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obstructive sleep apnea: symptoms
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1.restless sleep
2.snoring/gasping 3.daytime sleepiness 4.decreased growth velocity 5.behavioral problems 6.poor school performance |
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Pickwickian's syndrome
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OSA + obesity + chronic hypercarbia
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OSA: Tx
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CPAP
tracheostomy (refractory cases) |
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OSA --> ?
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cor pulmonale --> death
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asthma
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1.reversible airway obstruction
2.inflammation 3.broncial hyperresponsiveness |
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bronchospasm
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smooth muscle constriction
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asthma's inflammatory responses
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1.immediate
2.late-phase |
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most common reason for hospitalization in pediatrics
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asthma
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asthmatic w/AMS: suggests...
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1.hypercarbia
2.significant hypoxemia |
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asthma dx tests
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1.methacholine challenge test
2.exercise testing w/spirometry |
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asthmatic's XR findings
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1.hyperinflation
2.increased bronchial markings 3.focal/segmental atelectasis |
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most effective form of asthma tx
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removing triggers
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exercise-induced asthma: Tx
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beta-2 agonists 15-30 min before
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leukotriene receptor antagonists: examples
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montelukast
zafirlukast zileuton |
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leukotriene receptor antagonists: target pts
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chronic moderate - severe asthmatics
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asthmatic w/nl PaCO2 + tachypnea indicates...
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BAD SIGN - you're expecting low PaCO2 w/hyperventilation.
impending respiratory failure |
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asthma classification
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1.mild intermittent
2.mild persistent 3.moderate persistent 4.severe persistent |
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acute asthma exacerbation: tx of choice
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inhaled bronchodilators
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oral/IV corticosteroids: begin to have effect in x hrs
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4-6 hrs
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nasal polyps: prompts testing for...
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cystic fibrosis
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frequent pneumonias + sinus opacification + nasal polyps + sinusitis
dx? |
cystic fibrosis
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large bulky foul smelling stools + pancreatic insufficiency + rectal prolapse
dx? |
cystic fibrosis
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cystic fibrosis: Tx
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1.chest PT
2.exercise 3.frequent coughing |
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cystic fibrosis pts: achieve near-nl growth via...
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1.pancreatic enzyme replacement
2.fat-soluble vitamin supplements 3.high-calorie, high-protein diets |
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major contributor to morbidity & mortality in CF pts
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respiratory complications
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cf pts: hemoptysis -> x blood loss -> emergency
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>500ml in 24 hrs
>300ml/day x 3 days |
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cf pts w/frank blood loss in lungs: Tx
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arterial embolization
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cf pt w/severe chest pain + difficulty breathing
dx? |
spontaneous pneumothorax
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spontaneous pneumothorax tx
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sclerosis
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apnea of infancy: tx
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tx underlying disorder
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