Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
hypertension occurs when
|
BP is 140/90 on 3 occasions
|
|
|
coronary artery disease (CHD)
|
blockage of coronary arteries
*cause angina (severe pain-temp blockage) *myocardial infraction- blood supply is not restored=cell death |
|
|
congestive heart failure
|
-heart unable to maintain adequate circulation of blood
-cardiac output-not adequate -rt V or lft V block |
|
|
when right ventricle fails?
|
-block vein emptying into heart
-cause peripheral edema -anorexia -nausea |
|
|
when left ventricle fails?
|
-usually followng myocar infraction
-blood backs up into B vessels -shortness of breath -frothy pink sputum |
|
|
what kind of response occurs in cardiac heart(Artery) failure?
|
"renin response" when blood can not pump enough to maintain BP
-angiotensin-constricts BV-raise BP -aldosterone-cause kidney to retain to conserve sodium with it water |
|
|
what are causes of CHF?
|
-hypertension
-atherosclrosis -myocardial infraction -rheumatic fever -birth defects |
|
|
what in an unchangeable risk factor?
|
hyperlipoproteins-6 types inherited increased lipoproteins in blood stream
|
|
|
what type of hyperlipoprotein is associated with NIDDM?
|
type IV
|
|
|
what are some changeable risk factors for CV disease?
|
-hypertension
-hi salt intake -lo calcium, potassium, and magnesium -elevated cholesterol |
|
|
calcium, potassium, and magnesium...do what?
|
lower BP
-associated with HT if lo |
|
|
what is the major risk for Coronary heart disease?
|
LDL
|
|
|
LDL
|
transports cholesterol to body cells
|
|
|
what kinds of receptors are found on Macrophages?
|
-type 1-unoxidized LDL-limit intake into cell
-type 2-oxidized-intake unlimited |
|
|
goal of cholesterol therapy?
|
*<160-if fewer than 2 risks of Cv
*<130 if 2 or more risks *<100 if CH exists |
|
|
HDL
|
-genetics plays role in levels
-exercise increases it |
|
|
VLDL
|
main transport of endogeneous tryglyceride
*synthesized by liver from free FA, glycerol, carbs |
|
|
chylomicrons
|
found in small intestine-present only after meal
|
|
|
apolipoproteins
|
protein portion of lipoproteins
*used to determin LDL:HDL |
|
|
apo A
|
HDL apoprotein-associated with CA disease
|
|
|
LDL
|
deposited into MO in endolthelial walls-->atherosclerosis plaque
|
|
|
what is chief determinant of serum LDL?
|
saturated fat-prevents hypcholesterolemia
|
|
|
what lowers LDL?
|
monunsaturated fat
|
|
|
sources of unsat fats?
|
fish, nuts, legumes, veggies, lard cocunut, palm oils, butter
|
|
|
TLC
|
therapeutic lifestyle change-for individuals at greater risj for CV disease
|
|
|
sources of polyunsat fats
|
omega 3, EPA, DPA, alpha linoleic
|
|
|
omega 6 sources?
|
cornoil, sunflower oil
|
|
|
monounsaturated fat sources
|
omega 9 FA-olive oil, avoacodos, peanuts, almonds
|
|
|
diet of TLC
|
-5+ servings of fruits/veggies
-6+ grains -low fat dairy -legumes, poulrty, lean meat |
|
|
sat fat in TLC
|
limited to7% of kcal and cholesterol to 200 mg/day
|
|
|
monounsat/polyuns fats in TLC?
|
*20%-from monoun
*10%-from polyun |
|
|
EPA and DHA are associted with
|
decreased occurence of arrhythmias and sudden death, lower tryglycerides, and reduce blood clot tendencies
|
|
|
alpha linoleic
|
reduced risk of myocard infraction, ishmeial <3 disease
-metabloized, stored, converted to DHA |
|
|
omega 3 sources
|
fish oil,mackerel,rainbow, trout, sardines,
|
|
|
how many grams a day of omega 3
|
3 grams
|
|
|
omega 3 needs are higher in?
|
vegetarians
|
|
|
consumptionf of omega 3 FA
|
20% lower risk of nonnfatalmyocardial infraction
*30% lower risk of fatal myoinfrac |
|
|
type I hyperlipo
|
deficient in enzyme tryglyceride lipase
-serum chlomicrons are elevated -20-30g fat diet |
|
|
type IIA hyperlipo
|
*hi LDL and cholesterol levels
*diet contains less than 200mg cholesterol *double mono and poly |
|
|
type IIB hyperlipo
|
diet is <200 mg cholesterol
*limit alcohol and carb bc they stimulate tryglyceride production -carb is 40% of kcal |
|
|
type III hyperlipo
|
-aggrevated by carbs
-carb is 35-40 of kcal |
|
|
type IV hyperlipo
|
-aggrevated by carbs
-carb is 35-40 of kcal |
|
|
type V hyperlipo
|
-hi levels of chlomicrons and VLDL
-insulin resistance -very lo fat diet |
