Ch. 2. New World Expiriments: England's Seventeenth-Century Colonies

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Glorious Revolution

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*Revolution of 1688
*the overthrow of King James by a union of parliamentarians

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colonial regions

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New England
Middle
Chesapeake
Southern

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Oliver Cromwell

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English general, Puritan statesman, and Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1653–58.

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Joint-Stock Company

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an incorporated business with transferable shares and with shareholders having either limited or unlimited liability for debts of the business.

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Richard Hakluyt

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English geographer and editor of explorers' narratives.

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Avarice

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insatiable greed for riches; inordinate, miserly desire to gain and hoard wealth.

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Captain John Smith

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An English adventurer and explorer of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Smith was one of the original settlers of Jamestown in 1607.

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Sir John Ralfe

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English colonist in Virginia (husband of Pocahontas).

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Sir Edwin Sandys

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a founder of the colony of Virginia, Bishop of London

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Virginia Company

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The Virginia Company was formed with a charter from King James I in 1606. The Company was a joint stock corporation charged with the settlement of Virginia. It had the power to appoint the Council of Virginia, the Governor and other officials, and the responsibility to provide settlers, supplies, and ships for the venture.

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Headright

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a grant of land, usually 50 acres to a settler, given by certain colonies and companies in the 17th and 18th centuries.

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House of Burgesses

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the assembly of representatives in colonial Virginia.

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Sir George Calvert

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colonial administrator in America: governor (1661–75) and proprietor (1675–89) of Maryland (grandson of George Calvert).

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Lord Baltimore

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founder of the colony of Maryland.

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Separatists

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a person who separates, withdraws, or secedes, as from an established church.

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William Bradford

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American printer, born in England.

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Mayflower Compact

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an agreement to establish a government, entered into by the Pilgrims in the cabin of the Mayflower on November 11, 1620.

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Squanto

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died 1622, North American Indian of the Narragansett tribe: interpreter for the Pilgrims.

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Puritans

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a member of a group of Protestants that arose in the 16th century within the Church of England, demanding the simplification of doctrine and worship, and greater strictness in religious discipline

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John Winthrop

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English colonist in America: 1st governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony

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Congregationalism

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a form of Protestant church government in which each local religious society is independent and self-governing.

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Antinomianism

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a person who maintains that Christians are freed from the moral law by virtue of grace as set forth in the gospel.

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Governor Nicolls

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(1624 in Ampthill, Bedfordshire – May 28, 1672 on the North Sea, off Suffolk) was the first British colonial governor of New York

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Duke's Laws

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covered nearly every facet of life on Long Island and were published in alphabetical order -- from how arrests were to be carried out, how juries were to be picked, to the amount of the bounty paid for dead wolves.

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Peter Stuyvesant

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Dutch colonial administrator in the Americas: last governor of New Netherlands

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George Fox

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English religious leader, founder of the Society of Friends

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"Freemen"

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a person who is free; a person who enjoys personal, civil, or political liberty.

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Roger Williams

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clergyman in America: founder of Rhode Island colony 1636.

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Anne Hutchinson

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American religious liberal, born in England: banished from Massachusetts 1637.

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William Penn

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English Quaker: founder of Pennsylvania 1682.

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Charter of Liberties

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Henry formally bound himself to the laws, setting the stage for the rule of law that parliaments and parliamentarians of later ages would cry for.

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True and Absolute Lord Proprietors of Carolina

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* the Duke of Albemarle (1608-1670)
* the Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674)
* Lord John Berkeley (1607-1678)
* the Earl of Craven (1608-1697)
* Sir George Carteret (c.1610-1680)
* Sir William Berkeley (1606-1677)
* Sir John Colleton (1608-1666)
* the Earl of Shaftesbury (1621-1683).

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Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

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were adopted in March 1669 by the eight Lords Proprietor of the Province of Carolina

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James Oglethorpe

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British general: founder of the colony of Georgia.