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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Past tense endings for weak verbs:
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-te, -test, -te, -ten, tet, -ten
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Past tense "sagen":
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sagte, sagtest, sagte, sagten, sagtet, sagten
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Past tense endings for weak verbs ending in d or t:
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-ete, -etest, -ete; -eten, -etet, eten
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Past tense "antworten":
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antwortete, antwortetest, antwortete, antworteten, antwortetet, antworteten
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Formation of past participles of weak verbs (e.g. sagen, antworten):
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past participles of weak verbs formed by adding prefix ge- and ending -t (or -et if stem ends in d or t) to the verb stem (e.g. gesagt, geantwortet).
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Note: past participles of foreign words ending in -ieren (e.g. reservieren, studieren) . . .
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do not add a ge- prefix (e.g. reserviert, studiert)
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Past tense endings for strong verbs:
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--, -st, --; -en, -t, -en
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Past tense conjugation "gehen":
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ging, gingst, ging; gingen, gingt, gingen
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Past tense conjugation "lesen":
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las, lasest, las; lasen, last, lasen (strong verbs ending in s-sound (-s, -ss, -z) take -est in the second pers sing.)
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Past tense conjugation "bitten"
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bat, batest, bat, baten, batet, baten (strong verbs ending in -t or -d take -est in second pers sing and -et in second pers pl.)
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Past participles of strong verbs . . .
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generally begin with ge- prefix and take an -en ending.
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Mixed verbs, e.g. brennen, bringen, denken, kennen, nennen, rennen . . .
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(i) change their stems in past tense, but (ii) take weak endings. E.g. brennen (brannte); bringen (brachte); denken (dachte); kennen (kannte); nennen (nannte); rennen (rannte)
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Past tense "haben":
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hatte, hattest, hatte; hatten, hattet, hatten (adds weak endings to hat- stem; p.p. gahabt)
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Past tense "sein"
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war, warst, war; waren, wart, waren (adds strong endings to war stem; p.p. gewesen)
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Past tense "werden"
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wurde, wurdest, wurde; wurden, wurdet, wurden (p.p. geworden)
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Sein (rather than haben) is used as an auxiliary verb in forming present perfect tense when the two following conditions are *both* met:
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(i) the verb is intransitive (i.e. cannot take an indirect object); (ii) expresses motion or change of condition. (E.g. Er ist schnell gelaufen. Er ist gestorben.)
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Three verbs that take sein as auxiliary verb but don't follow the rules:
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sein (Er ist nie da gewesen); bleiben (Er ist hier geblieben); geschehen (Was ist geschehen?)
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Past perfect is formed from?
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past tense of haben (hatte, etc.) or sein (war, etc.) and past participle.
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He has been here. (present perf.)
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Er ist hier gewesen
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He had been here. (past perfect)
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Er war hier gewesen.
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He has seen it. (pres. perf.)
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Er hat es gesehen.
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He had seen it. (past perf.)
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Er hatte es gesehen.
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The future tense is formed from?
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the present tense of werden (werde, etc.) plus an *infinitive*
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I will probably come. (trans.)
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Ich werde wohl kommen.
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