Ch. 2 Lesson 1 & 2

Front 1

The study of Earth and its people

Back 1

Geography

Front 2

Earth is made up of both

Back 2

land and water

Front 3

The largest land areas on Earth are the

Back 3

seven continents

Front 4

What are the seven continents?

Back 4

North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica

Front 5

What are the four oceans?

Back 5

Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Artic Ocean

**Some map have a fifth ocean named the Southern Ocean

Front 6

What is a landform?

Back 6

the form or shape of part of Earth's surface

Front 7

This landform is made up of ice and snow

Back 7

glacier

Front 8

This landform has land masses that rise above the surrounding area

Back 8

mountain

Front 9

This landform is lower than mountains and has a rounded top

Back 9

hill

Front 10

This landform has areas of land surrounded on all sided by water

Back 10

island

Front 11

This landform is connected to a mainland and is nearly surrounded by water

Back 11

peninsula

Front 12

There is usually water on only ________ sides of a peninsula.

Back 12

3

Front 13

In between mountains there are low areas. What landform is this?

Back 13

valleys

Front 14

This landform is a low area that is usually very flat.

Back 14

plain

Front 15

This landform has high areas that have steep sides and flat tops.

Back 15

plateaus

Front 16

What is the largest bodies of salt water on Earth?

Back 16

oceans

Front 17

Which bodies of water provide people with freshwater?

Back 17

lakes and rivers

Front 18

What are the largest freshwater lakes in the world?

Back 18

The Great Lakes

Front 19

How many Great Lakes are located in the United States?

Back 19

5

Front 20

What are the largest bodies of water found in the United States?

Back 20

lakes and rivers

Front 21

What is the 2nd longest river in the United States?

Back 21

Mississippi River

Front 22

What are the 5 regions in United States?

Back 22

Northeast

Southeast

Midwest

Southwest

West

Front 23

This region has some of the largest cities in the United States. This region has areas of hills, rocky coastlines, and farmland.

Back 23

Northeast

Front 24

Early settlers in the region built large farms called plantations. Today this region is known for its long coastlines. Farther inland, people us the rich soil for farming. What is this region?

Back 24

Southeast

Front 25

What do people do along the coast?

Back 25

fish, enjoy the warm weather, and visit the beaches

Front 26

This region has some of the flattest areas in the United States. Many people work on farms. Also, some people mine for coal or iron. What is the name of this region?

Back 26

Midwest

Front 27

What does mine mean?

Back 27

dig for material

Front 28

In this region, there are deserts which are home to many Native Americans. What is the name of this region?

Back 28

Southwest

Front 29

What is an adobe?

Back 29

sun-dried bricks used by Native American to build shelters and other buildings.

Front 30

This region has mountains. People visit this region to hike, camp, fish, and visit the beaches. What is the name of this region?

Back 30

West

Front 31

the daily conditions outside

Back 31

weather

Front 32

the weather that a place has over a long period

Back 32

climate

Front 33

What are the 3 parts that make up the climate of a region?

Back 33

temperature, precipitation, and wind

Front 34

_________________ is how hot or cold it is

Back 34

Temperature

Front 35

_________________ is the amount of rain or snow that falls.

Back 35

Precipitation

Front 36

The _______________ of a region depends on its location on Earth.

Back 36

climate

Front 37

Places located _____________ to the equator get more direct sunlight. Places located _________ _______ the equator get less direct sunlight.

Back 37

closer

far from

Front 38

How do bodies of water shape the climate of places near them.

Back 38

1. They affect the amount of rain that falls

2. In summer, winds that blow from the water coo the land

3. In winter, winds that blow from the water warm the land

Front 39

The height of land above sea level

Back 39

elevation

Front 40

Artic climates are _______ and _______ most of the year.

Back 40

cool and cold

Front 41

Tropical climates are ______ and _____ most of the year.

Back 41

wet and hot

Front 42

Temperate climates are not a ________ as artic climates or as _______ as tropical climates.

Back 42

cold

hot

Front 43

What climate is the United States located in?

Back 43

temperate climate

Front 44

What is vegetation?

Back 44

The kind of plant life that grow

Front 45

What are the 4 main types of vegetation?

Back 45

forests, tundra, grasslands, deserts

Front 46

Describe the grasslands

Back 46

*grasslands cover most of the plains

*some parts of the Great Plains get enough rain for tall grasses, berry bushes, and small trees

*Western Great Plains gets less water so less short grasses grow there

*Prairie dogs dig underground and eat the grasses

Front 47

Describe the tundra

Back 47

*dry climate

*artic climate of Alaska

*the ground in frozen nearly all year long

*it is too cold for trees to grow

Front 48

Describe the forest

Back 48

*plenty of rainfall

*bears, deer, and raccoons live in the forest

*found in the western and eastern part of the United States

Front 49

Describe the desert

Back 49

*plants that need little water grow in a desert

*some grass or shrubs grow in the desert

*Saguaros, a type of cactus, grow in the desert

Front 50

What is an ecosystem?

Back 50

all living things that interact with each other

Front 51

How do plants and animals in the desert

interact?

Back 51

*some animal drink nectar from a cactus

*bats spread the pollen from the cactus to

another cactus

*cactus can then grow fruit

*birds build nest on the limbs other animals eat parts of the cactus

Front 52

How do plants and animals in the forest

interact?

Back 52

*birds, squirrels, and other animals depend on the trees

*some build nests in the trees

*they eat fruit and nuts that grow on the trees

*animals drop the seeds and grow into new trees

Front 53

How do plants and animals in the grassland

interact?

Back 53

*some of the grasslands gets a lot of rainfall

*the grasses grow tall

*elephants and other animals eat the grass

Front 54

How do plants and animals in the lake and swamp interact?

Back 54

*in southern United States alligators dig large pond-like holes

*they rest in the holes

*the holes provide shallow water for birds and fish