Ch 2 Exercise Physiology

Front 1

Exercise physiology

Back 1

The science of how the body operates during exercise and at rest

Front 2

Cardiac output

Back 2

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Front 3

Septum

Back 3

Wall which separates the right and left side of the heart

Front 4

Explain process of the heart

Back 4

The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood as it is returned from the body by the venous system. It then pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs when oxygen is taken up by the hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells. The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it via the arterial system throughout the body

Front 5

Atria

Back 5

Upper chamber of the heart. It is the blood receiving units of the heart after entering the Atria blood is forced through a one-way system of valves known as atrioventricular valves into the inferior ventricles

Front 6

Ventricle

Back 6

Lower chamber of the heart. The contraction of the ventricles forces blood through the semilunar valves and into the great arteries deliver blood to the lungs from the right ventricle or to the rest of the body from the left ventricle

Front 7

Pericardium

Back 7

The loose yet protective sac in which the heart is entirely contained it prevents the Beating Heart from brushing against the chest wall

Front 8

Epicardium

Back 8

A thin membrane located on the outermost layer of the heart

Front 9

Myocardium

Back 9

The thickest and strongest in the walls of the left ventricle the chamber responsible for pumping blood throughout the body

Front 10

Cardiac cycle

Back 10

The contraction and relaxation pattern produced by the heart

Front 11

Systole

Back 11

The ventricular contraction phase

Front 12

Diastole

Back 12

The relaxation phase

Front 13

Stroke volume

Back 13

The amount of blood pumped with each beat or systole

Front 14

Heart rate

Back 14

The number of times the heart beats each minute

Front 15

Cardiac output

Back 15

Heart rate X stroke volume equals the amount of blood pumped per minute. Is usually measured in liters or milliliters of blood pumped per minute

Front 16

Blood flow patterns of the circulatory vessels

Back 16

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the vena cava then flows into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery into the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. The newly oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins entering the left atrium. From the left atrium the blood flows into the left ventricle and with a powerful contraction it is forced into the aorta the largest artery in the body. From the aorta the blood into the network of arteries the primary arteries includes carotid arteries in the neck and head the abdominal arteries of the trunk and the axillary and iliac arteries of the arms and legs respectively

Front 17

Pulmonary system

Back 17

Also known as respiratory system it is responsible for providing two major functions air distribution and gas exchange

Front 18

Valsalva maneuver

Back 18

Occurs when a person holds his or her breath during strenuous activities such as lifting weights or shoveling snow. The glottis is closed against pressure which causes an increased thoracic pressure leading to an interruption of the venous return to the heart reducing blood flow to the coronary arteries and decreasing oxygen supply to the brain

Front 19

Macronutrients

Back 19

Protein carbohydrates and fats

Front 20

Metabolic pathways

Back 20

Energy Systems in which food energy is transformed in the body

Front 21

Adenosine triphosphate

Back 21

A molecule found in every cell in the body that is composed of adenosine a nitrogen- containing base ribose a five-carbon sugar and three phosphate groups

Front 22

Phosphagen system

Back 22

Supplies energy very quickly and is the primary source of energy for very high intensity exercise