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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Conversion factors |
A factor used to convert between two separate units; constructed from any 2 quantities known to be equivilant |
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Density |
A fundamental property of materials that relates mass and volume and differs from one substance to another. Mass divided by volume equals this, expressed as g/mL |
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Mass |
A measure of the quantity of matter within an object |
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Metric system |
The unit system commonly used throughout most of the world |
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Significant figures |
The non Place holding digits in a reported measurement; they represent the Precision of a measured quantity |
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Units |
Previously agreed on quantities used to report experimental measurements. These are vital in chemistry |
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Volume |
A measure of space. Any unit of length when cubed becomes a unit of this |
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Converting numbers from standard notation to scientific notation |
1. Move the decimal place so there is only one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal 2. Add the exponential part: n is positive if you move the decimal to the left, n is negative if you move the decimal to the right |
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Rules for math operations with numbers in scientific notation |
1. To multiply in scientific notation multiply the coefficients then add the exponent 2. To divide, divide the coefficients then subtract the exponent |
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Rules for determining the number of sig figs in a number |
1. All non-zero digits are always significant 2. A zero between two significant digits is significant. Ex: 201 3. A zero at the end of a number that contains a decimal point is significant. Ex: 0.01630, 20. 4. A zero in front of a decimal is not significant. Ex: 0.0123 5. A zero to the right of a decimal but before the first non-zero digit is not significant. Ex: 0.0123 6. A zero at the end of a number with no decimal is not significant. Ex: 280,600 |
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Exact numbers |
Exact numbers have an infinite number of sig figs RULES:
1. Defined numbers: 60s=1min 2. Counted numbers: Jane has 2 kids 3. Any number defined as "exactly": 1in=2.54cm exactly 4. Metric to metric conversions 5. English to English conversions * anything someone measured or observed is not exact |
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Rules for sig figs in calculations |
1 multiplication/division: the answer has as many sig figs as the calculated number with the fewest 2. Addition/subtraction: the answer has the same number of decimal places as the calculated number with the fewest decimal places 3. Address sig figs at the end of the calculation or when switching operations |
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Metric system base units |
Length=meter=m Mass=gram=g Volume=liter=L Time=second=s Amount of a substance=mole=mol Temperature=kelvin=K OR celcius=°C |
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Metric system prefixes |
Kilo=10(3) (1000)=k = 1 kg=10 (3)g Centi=10(-2) (0.01)=c = 1cg=10(-2)g Milli=10(-3) (0.001)=m = 1mg=10(-3)g Micro=10(-6) (0.000001)="mu" = 1"mu"=10 (-6)g |
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Developing equivalences |
1. Multiply the factor by the base unit. Ex: km & m: base unit=m, prefix=kilo, factor=10(3). Equivalent is 10(3)m=1km OR 2. Fake algebra. Ex: mL & L: a) set the prefix equal to the factor: m=10(-3), b) multiply both sides by the base unit: mL=10(-3)L c) add a 1 in front of the prefix unit: 1mL=10(-3)L |
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Converting between Celsius and Kelvin |
1. Kelvin is never negative 2. Zero Kelvin is less than 0° Celsius 3. 0 Kelvin = -273.15°C |
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Density (D) = Mass (M)/Volume (V) |
Density |
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Converting density |
Turn "per" to "equals 1" Ex: 5.2 g/mL is 5.2g=1mL |
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1cm(3)=1mL |
1mL=1cm(3)=volume |
