Ch. 4

Front 1

parturition

Back 1

the act or process of giving birth

Front 2

electronic fetal monitoring

Back 2

mechanical monitoring of fetal heartbeat during labor and delivery

Front 3

cesarean delivery

Back 3

delivery of a baby by surgical removal from the uterus

Front 4

natural childbirth

Back 4

method of childbirth that seeks to prevent pain by eliminating the mothers fear through education about the physiology of reproduction and training in breathing and relaxation during delivery

Front 5

prepared childbirth

Back 5

method of childbirth that used instruction, breathing exercises, and social support to induce controlled physical responses to uterine contractions and reduce fear and pain

Front 6

doula

Back 6

an experienced mentor who furnishes emotional support and information for a woman during labor

Front 7

neonatal period

Back 7

first 4 weeks of life, a time to transition from intrauterine dependency to independent existence

Front 8

neonate

Back 8

newborn baby, up to 4 weeks old

Front 9

anoxia

Back 9

lack of oxygen, which may cause brain damage

Front 10

neonatal jaundice

Back 10

condition in many newborn babies, caused by immaturity of liver and evidence by yellowish appearance can cause brain damage if not treated promptly

Front 11

Brazenly on Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Back 11

neurological and behavioral test to measure neonates responses to the environment

Front 12

state of arousal

Back 12

an infants physiological and behavioral status at a given moment in the periodic daily cycle of wakefulness, sleep, and activity

Front 13

Apgar scale

Back 13

standard measurement of a newborns condition. it assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration

Front 14

low birth weight babies

Back 14

weight of less than 5&1/2 pounds at birth because of prematurity or being small-for-date

Front 15

preterm (premature) infants

Back 15

infants born before completing the 37th week of gestation

Front 16

small-for-date (small-for gestational-age) infants

Back 16

infants whose birth weight is less than that of 90 percent of babies of the same gestational age, as a result of slow fetal growth

Front 17

kangaroo care

Back 17

method of skin-to-skin contact in which a newborn is laid face down between the mothers breasts for an hour or so at a time after birth

Front 18

protective factors

Back 18

influences that reduce the impact of potentially negative influences and tend to predict positive outcomes

Front 19

postmature

Back 19

a fetus not yet born as of 2 weeks after the due date or 42 weeks after the mothers last menstrual period

Front 20

stillbirth

Back 20

death of a fetus at or after the 20th week of gestation

Front 21

Infant mortality rate

Back 21

proportion of babies born alive who die within the 1st year

Front 22

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Back 22

sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant

Front 23

cephalocaudal principle

Back 23

principle that development proceeds in a head-to-tail

direction that is that upper parts of the body develop before lower parts of the trunk

Front 24

proximodistal principle

Back 24

principle that development proceeds from within to without, that is, that parts of the body near the center develop before the extremities

Front 25

lateralization

Back 25

tendency of each of the brains hemispheres to have specialized functions

Front 26

neurons

Back 26

nerve cells

Front 27

integration

Back 27

process by which neurons coordinate the activities of

muscle groups

Front 28

differentiation

Back 28

process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions

Front 29

cell death

Back 29

in brain development, normal elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient function

Front 30

myelination

Back 30

process of coating neural pathways with a fatty substance called myelin, which enables faster communication between cells

Front 31

reflex behaviors

Back 31

automatic involuntary innate responses to stimulation

Front 32

plasticity

Back 32

modifiability or 'molding' of the brain through experience

Front 33

neurons

Back 33

nerve cells

Front 34

integration

Back 34

process by which neurons coordinate the activities of

muscle groups

Front 35

differentiation

Back 35

process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions

Front 36

cell death

Back 36

in brain development, normal elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient function

Front 37

myelination

Back 37

process of coating neural pathways with a fatty substance called myelin, which enables faster communication between cells

Front 38

reflex behaviors

Back 38

automatic involuntary innate responses to stimulation

Front 39

plasticity

Back 39

modifiability or 'molding' of the brain through experience

Front 40

systems of action

Back 40

increasingly complex combinations of motor skills which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment

Front 41

neurons

Back 41

nerve cells

Front 42

integration

Back 42

process by which neurons coordinate the activities of

muscle groups

Front 43

differentiation

Back 43

process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions

Front 44

cell death

Back 44

in brain development, normal elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient function

Front 45

myelination

Back 45

process of coating neural pathways with a fatty substance called myelin, which enables faster communication between cells

Front 46

reflex behaviors

Back 46

automatic involuntary innate responses to stimulation

Front 47

plasticity

Back 47

modifiability or 'molding' of the brain through experience

Front 48

systems of action

Back 48

increasingly complex combinations of motor skills which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment

Front 49

Denver Developmental screening test

Back 49

screening test given to children 1 month to 6 years old to determine whether they are developing normally

Front 50

neurons

Back 50

nerve cells

Front 51

integration

Back 51

process by which neurons coordinate the activities of

muscle groups

Front 52

differentiation

Back 52

process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions

Front 53

cell death

Back 53

in brain development, normal elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient function

Front 54

myelination

Back 54

process of coating neural pathways with a fatty substance called myelin, which enables faster communication between cells

Front 55

reflex behaviors

Back 55

automatic involuntary innate responses to stimulation

Front 56

plasticity

Back 56

modifiability or 'molding' of the brain through experience

Front 57

systems of action

Back 57

increasingly complex combinations of motor skills which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment

Front 58

Denver Developmental screening test

Back 58

screening test given to children 1 month to 6 years old to determine whether they are developing normally

Front 59

gross motor skills

Back 59

physical skills that involve the large muscles

Front 60

neurons

Back 60

nerve cells

Front 61

fine motor skills

Back 61

physical skills that involve small

muscles and eye-hand coordination

Front 62

integration

Back 62

process by which neurons coordinate the activities of

muscle groups

Front 63

differentiation

Back 63

process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions

Front 64

cell death

Back 64

in brain development, normal elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient function

Front 65

myelination

Back 65

process of coating neural pathways with a fatty substance called myelin, which enables faster communication between cells

Front 66

reflex behaviors

Back 66

automatic involuntary innate responses to stimulation

Front 67

plasticity

Back 67

modifiability or 'molding' of the brain through experience

Front 68

systems of action

Back 68

increasingly complex combinations of motor skills which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment

Front 69

Denver Developmental screening test

Back 69

screening test given to children 1 month to 6 years old to determine whether they are developing normally

Front 70

gross motor skills

Back 70

physical skills that involve the large muscles

Front 71

visual guidance

Back 71

use of the eyes to guide movement of the hands or other parts of the body

Front 72

visual guidance

Back 72

use of the eyes to guide movement of the hands or other parts of the body

Front 73

depth perception

Back 73

ability to perceive objects and surfaces three-dementionally

Front 74

visual guidance

Back 74

use of the eyes to guide movement of the hands or other parts of the body

Front 75

depth perception

Back 75

ability to perceive objects and surfaces three-dementionally

Front 76

haptic perception

Back 76

ability to acquire information about properties of objects such as size weight and texture by handling them

Front 77

visual cliff

Back 77

apparatus designed to give an illusion of depth and use to assess depth perception in infants

Front 78

visual cliff

Back 78

apparatus designed to give an illusion of depth and use to assess depth perception in infants

Front 79

ecological theory of perception

Back 79

theory developed by Eleanor and James Gibson which describes developing motor and perceptual abilities as interdependent parts of a functional system that guides behavior in varying contexts

Front 80

dynamic systems theory

Back 80

Eager Thelens theory which holds that motor development is a dynamic process of active coordination of multiple systems within that infant in relation to the environment