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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What type of lining does the tunica intima contain?
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endothelial lining with connective tissue
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Type of lining in tunica media?
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smooth muscle cells
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Type of lining in adventitia?
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connective tissue
(collagen and elastin) |
tunica externa
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What big difference is true of capillaries that is unlike all other vessel?
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they only have a tunica intima.
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vaso-
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vessel
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veno-
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vein
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What is passive stretch?
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when a vessel stretches in response to pressure.
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Name the 7 layers and sublayers of an artery (inside to out)
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•Tunica Intima - endothelium - subendothelial layer
•Internal elastic lamina •Tunica Media •External elastic lamina • Tunica Externa |
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Name the 5 layers of veins (inward out)
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•Tunica Intima - endothelium - subendothelial layer
•Tunica Media • Tunica Externa |
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What class of arteries are Elastic arteries?
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conducting arteries
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What class of arteries are Muscular arteries?
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distribution arteries
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What class of arteries are arterioles?
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resistance vessels
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What is the diameter of elastic arteries?
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greater than .5cm
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What is the diameter of muscular arteries?
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1-5mm
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What is the diameter of arterioles?
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35micrometers (or less)
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What are some examples of elastic arteries?
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aorta, pulmonary artery, first levels of branches
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Where do veins collect blood from?
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all tissues and organs
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Diameter size of venules?
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8-100micrometers
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Diameter size of medium-sized veins?
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2-9mm
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which type of vessels contain valves?
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veins
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What causes varicose veins?
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weakened valves
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What action promotes the majority of returned blood in the veins of lower extremities?
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movement of skeletal muscles
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What do capillaries allow to diffuse between tissue and blood?
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Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and other solutes
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What type of capillary bed is found in most tissues?
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Continuous capillaries - tight epithelia
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What type of capillary bed is found in blood brain barriers?
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Continuous capillaries - tight epithelia
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What type of capillary bed is found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow?
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Sinusodial and sinusoid capillary beds
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What is the difference between fenestrated capillaries and sinusoidal capillaries?
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sinusoidal capillaries are flattened and have larger pores and gaps between the cells
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What is an arteriovenus anastomoses?
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a direct connection of an artery and vein
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thoroughfare channel
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Name the flow of a collateral arteriole (capillary bed)
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arteriole → capillaries→ metarterioles→ capillaries→ venules
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5
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Which flow through capillaries is more consistent?
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thoroughfare channels
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Which flow through capillaries is intermittent?
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arterial capillaries
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Where does most of the body's blood lie?
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veins
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What is venous reserve?
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the amount of blood that can recirculate after venoconstriction
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Define capacitance of veins
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the relationship between blood volume and pressure - its expandability
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% of distribution of blood in veins?
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60%
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% of distribution of blood in arteries?
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15%
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% of distribution of blood in pulmonary blood vessels?
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12%
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% of distribution of blood in the heart?
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8%
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% of distribution of blood in capillaries?
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5%
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Describe the pressure gradient in ventricles.
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highest pressure in the body
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Describe the pressure gradient of the heart
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lowest pressure gradient
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What is the pressure gradient within the aorta?
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100-120mmHg
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Pressure in R.Atrium
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0mmHg
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What medical diagnosis occurs as you age?
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arteriosclerosis
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As resistance and flow decrease what happens to the cross section?
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the cross-sectional area increases
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define MAP
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average bp of arteries
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peripheral resistance
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constriction of arteries
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why do arteries constrict and dilate?
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to control blood pressure and regulate flow
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pulse pressure (formula)
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systolic - diastolic
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Where does the greatest drop in BP occur?
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arterioles
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MAP
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CO x PR
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where does the pressure change from pulsatile to a continuous flow?
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in capillaries and veins
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Cardiac Output (formula)
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SV x HR
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Define the formula for calculating pulse
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difference of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
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MAP (formula with fraction)
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2/3 Diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure
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What happens to pulse when stroke volume increases?
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pulse increases
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what happens to BP during ventricular systole?
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it rises
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what happens to BP during ventricular diastole?
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it falls
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What happens when flow increases?
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resistance decreases
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What happens when resistance increases?
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flow decreases
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flow and resistance are directly proportional to .... ?
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pressure
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what three elements are involved with Poiseuille's Law
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resistance, flow, and pressure
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what happens to resistance as vessel length increases?
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resistance increases
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If Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) increases what happens to BP?
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it increases
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arteriosclerosis
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changes that occur within arteries over time, that make them less elastic
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atherosclerosis
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plaque deposits within arterial walls
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Formula for Force
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radius x pressure
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