Ch 19 Set 2

Front 1

Hormones that regulate the differentiation and proliferation of particular progenitor cells

Back 1

Hemopoeitic Growth Factors

Front 2

Increases the number of RBC precursors

Back 2

Erythropoietin / EPO

Front 3

Hormone produced by the liver that stimulates formation of platelets from megagaryocytes

Back 3

Thrombopoietin / TPO

Front 4

Small glycoproteins that are produced by red bone marrow cells, leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells that regulate develpment of different blood cell types

Back 4

Cytokines

Front 5

Important families of Cytoikines

Back 5

Colony Stimulating Factors (CSF's) and Interleukins

Front 6

Component of Hemoglobin, Composed of four polypeptide chains

Back 6

Globin

Front 7

Component of Hemoglobin, four non-protein pigments

Back 7

Hemes

Front 8

Beginning of RBC Production

Back 8

Red bone marrow with a precursor cell called a proerythroblast

Front 9

RBC Production

Back 9

Proerythroblast divides several times, producing cells that begin to sythensize hemoglobin. Ultimtely, a cell near the end of the development sequence ejects it nucleus an becomes a reticulocyte.

Front 10

Cell near the end of the RBC development sequence that loses it's nucleus

Back 10

Reticulocyte

Front 11

Cellular Oxygen Defficiency, occurs if too little oxygen enters the blood

Back 11

Hypoxia

Front 12

Cells that contain a nucleus but no hemoglobin

Back 12

White Blood Cells (WBC's) / Leukocytes

Front 13

Classification of WBC's

Back 13

Granular and Agranular

Front 14

Chemical filled cytoplasmic vesicles in WBC's

Back 14

Granules

Front 15

Types of Granule Leukocytes

Back 15

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

Front 16

Types of Agranular WBC's

Back 16

Lympphocytes and Monocytes

Front 17

An increase in the number of WBC's for protective response to stresses such as invading microbes, strenous exercise, anesthesia, and surgery

Back 17

Leukocytosis

Front 18

Abnormally low level of WBC's

Back 18

Leukopenia

Front 19

Leave the bloodstream and collect at points of pathogenic invasion or inflamation, never return

Back 19

Granulocytes and Monocytes

Front 20

Continually recirculate from blood to interstitial spaces of tissues to lymphatic fluid back to blood

Back 20

Lymphocytes

Front 21

Process by which WBC's leave the bloodstream, roll along the endothelium, stick to it, and then squeeze between endothelial cells

Back 21

Emigration

Front 22

Molecules that help WBC's stick to endothelium

Back 22

Adhesion Molecules

Front 23

Active in Phagocytosis, ingest bacteria and dispose of dead matter

Back 23

Neutrophils and mactophages

Front 24

Process by which several different chemicals releaed by microbes and inflamed tissues attract phagocytes

Back 24

Chemotaxis

Front 25

WBC's that respond most quickly to destruction by bacteria

Back 25

Neutrophils

Front 26

Proteins released by Neutrophis that exhibit a broad range of antibiotic activity against bacteria

Back 26

Defensins

Front 27

WBC's that arive to sight of infection later than neutrophis, but arive in larger numbers and destroy more microbes

Back 27

Monocytes

Front 28

WBC's that leave the capillaries and enter the tissue fluid, release enzymes such as histaminase, phagocytize antigen antibody complexes

Back 28

Eosinophils

Front 29

Often indicates an allergic condition or parasitic infection

Back 29

High Eosinophil Count

Front 30

WBC's that leave the capillaries, enter tissues, and liverate heparin, histamine, and serotonin at sites of inflamation

Back 30

Basophils

Front 31

Types of Lmyphocytes

Back 31

B cells, T cells and Natural Killer Cells

Front 32

Effective in destroying bacteria and inactivating their toxins

Back 32

B Cells

Front 33

Attack viruses, fungi, transplaned, cells, cancer cells, and some bacteria

Back 33

T Cells

Front 34

Attack a wide variety of infectious microbes and certian spontaneously arising tumor cells

Back 34

Natural Killer Cells

Front 35

Ordered by a physician to detect infection or inflammation, determine the effects of possible poisoning by chemicals or drugs.

Back 35

Differential White Blood Cell Count

Front 36

Myeloid stem cells deveolp into megakaryocyte colony forming ells that, in turn, develp into precursor cells called megakaryoblasts.

Back 36

Thrombopoetin

Front 37

Enclosed by a piece of the plasma membrane breakes off from the magakaryocytes in red bone marrow an then enters the blood circulation

Back 37

Platelet

Front 38

Function of platelets

Back 38

Help stop blood loss from damaged blood vessels by forming a platelet plug. Contain granules that when released help clot

Front 39

Valuable test that screens for anemia and varoius infections

Back 39

Complete Blood Count

Front 40

Sequence of responses that stops bleeding

Back 40

Hemostasis

Front 41

3 Mechanisms that reduce blood loss

Back 41

1. Vasuclar Spasm
2. Platelet Plug Formation
3. Bloot clotting (Coagulation)

Front 42

When arteries or arterioles are dmaged, the circularily arranged smooth muscle in their walls contract immediately

Back 42

Vascular Spasm

Front 43

Chemicals in the vesicles of platelets that form blood clots

Back 43

Thromboxane A2, a prostoglandidn: fibrin-stabilizing factor.

Front 44

Hormone in platelets that can cause proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle fibers, and fibroblasts to help repair damaged blood vessel walls.

Back 44

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)

Front 45

Platelets contact and stick to parts of a damaged blood vessel, such as collogen fibers of the connective tissue inderlying the damaged endothelial cells.

Back 45

Platelet Adhesion

Front 46

Once platelets have adhered, they extend many projections that enable them to contact and interact with one another, and they liverate the contents of their vesicles.

Back 46

Platelet Release Reaction

Front 47

Gathering of new platelets to old platelets becasue of ADp

Back 47

Platelet Aggregation

Front 48

Plasma minus clotting proteins

Back 48

Serum

Front 49

Gel in blood that consists of a network of insoluble protein fibers called fibrin in which the formed elements of blood are trapped

Back 49

Clot

Front 50

Clotting of undamaged blood vessels

Back 50

Thrombosis

Front 51

Extrinsic Blood Clotting occurs

Back 51

Rappidly, Faster than Intrinsic

Front 52

Tissue protien that comes from outside the blood vessel involved in Extrinsc Pathway

Back 52

Tissue Factor / Thromboplastin

Front 53

Thromboplastin / Tissue Factor is a mixture of

Back 53

Lipoproteins and phospholipids released from the surface of damaged cels

Front 54

Once X factor is activated

Back 54

It combines with Factor V in the presence of Ca to form the active enzyme prothrombinase, completing the Extrinsic Pathway

Front 55

Vitamin K is necesary for

Back 55

Formation of Clotting factors by hepatocytes: Factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X

Front 56

Soluablity of VitaminK

Back 56

Fat Soluable

Front 57

Dissolves small, inappropriate clots

Back 57

Fibronolytic System

Front 58

A clot does not extend beyond a wound site becasuse

Back 58

Fibrin abslorbs thrombin into the clot, and dispersal of some of the clotting factors by the blood, their concentrations are not high enough to bring about widespread clotting

Front 59

Powerful inhibitor of platelet adhesion, opposes the actions of Thromboxane A2, produced by endothelial cells and WBC's

Back 59

Prostacyclin

Front 60

Antithrombin, Heparin, Activated Protein C

Back 60

Anticoagulants

Front 61

Blocks the Action factors of XII, XI, IX, X, and II

Back 61

Antithrombin

Front 62

Produced by mast cells and basophils, combines with antrithrombin and increases it's effectiveness in blocking thrombin

Back 62

Heparin

Front 63

Inactivates factors V and VIII, the two major clotting factors not blocked by antirthrombin, and enhances activity of plasminogen activators

Back 63

Activated Protein C

Front 64

Clotting in an unbroken blood vessel

Back 64

Thrombosis

Front 65

Blood clot, bubble of air, fat from broken bones, or a piece of debris that is transported by the blood stream

Back 65

Embolus

Front 66

Inhibits vaoconstriction and platelet aggregation by blocking synthesis of thromboxane A2

Back 66

Aspirin

Front 67

The surface of erythrocytes contain a genetically determined assortment of glycoproteins and glycolipids that can act as antigens

Back 67

Isoantigens or Agglutinogens

Front 68

Blood type is based on the display of

Back 68

Antigens on RBC's

Front 69

To react with isoantigens, blood plasma contains

Back 69

Isoantibodies or Agglutinins