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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Laboratory reports are filed on top of or attached to what form? |
SF-545 (Laboratory Report Display) |
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What are the two pricipal methods of obtaining blood specimens? |
The Capillary Method/The Venipunture Method |
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Capillary blood collection is performed when? |
A small quantity of blood is needed for testing as in the case of some pediatric blood draws.
*Middle or Ring Finger*NO greater than 2mm* |
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Do not leave a tourniquet on for more than______? |
1 minute |
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The microscope's framework consist of how many parts? What are they? |
1- Arm 2- Stage 3- Mechanical Stage 4- Base |
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Objective Lens? How many? |
Resposible for the magnification and resolution of detail in a speciman
10X=LOW-POWER 40X=HIGH-POWER 100X=OIL IMMERSION
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What needs to be done when the oil-immersion lens is not being used? |
Remove the oil with lens tissue.
*Never use alcohol or similar solvents to clean lenses since alcohol will damage the lens assembly* |
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A red cell count that drops below normal values may indicate WHAT? |
Anemia |
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Hemoglobin |
Its primary function is delivery and release of oxygento the tissues and facilitation of carbon dioxide excretion. |
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The Normal Values for Hemoglobin determinations are? |
Woman................. 12-16 Men ...................... 14-18 |
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Hematocrit? |
Packed RBC volume. *The reatio of the volume of RBCs to the volume of whole blood.* |
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The Normal Values for Hematocrit determinations are? |
Woman................. 37-47% Men...................... 42-52% |
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Leukocyte |
White Blood Cell |
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Normal WBC values in Adults |
4,800-10,800 cells per cubic millimeter |
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What is the method used for manually counting WBCs? |
Unopette Method |
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When the WBC rises above normal values, the condition is referred to as_____________. |
Leukocytosis |
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Luekocytosis frequently occurs when? |
When systemic or local infections are present. *In severe medical conditions, white cell counts will exceed 50,000/mm3 |
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Conditions that my cause Leukocytosis |
Shortly agter abirth Pregnancy Appendicitis Ulcers Emotional stress Anxiety Strenuous Exercise |
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An abnormally low white cell count is known as? |
Leukopenia |
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Leukopenia can be caused by _____________ |
-Severe or advanced bacterial infections such as typhoid, paratyphoid, tularemia
-Infectious viruses and rickettsiae, such as mmr, smallpox, hep, psittacosis, dengue fever,influenza
-Anaphylactic Shock -Radiation |
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How many types of white cells are normally found in the circulation blood? What are they? |
5 -Neutrophils -Eosinophils -Basophils -Lymphocytes -Monocytes |
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Neutrophil(S) ? |
Account for the largest percentage of leukocytes found in a normal blood sample, and function by ingesting invading bacteria
*Oval, Horseshoe or "S"-shaped* |
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Neutrophilic Band ? |
Is an Older or Intermediate Neutrophil
*C or U-shaped*
*Sometimes Called a "STAB" cell* |
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Eosinophil? |
The function is to destroy parasites and respond in immediate allergic reactions.
*The cytoplasm contains larg reddish-orange granules* |
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Basophil? |
Arise in basophils is associated with inflammatory disorders and certain leukemial.
*Bluish-Purple granules that are darker than the nucleus* |
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Lymphocyte? |
The function is associated with immune response and the body's defense against viral infection.
*Clear, Sky Blue, scanty, HALO |
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Monocyte? |
The Largest of the normal white blood cells. -Controls microbial and fungal infections -Removes damged cells from the body
*An abundant pale Bluish-Gray cytoplasm* |
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How Many Bacteria Classifications are there? What are they? |
(5) -Disease-producing Ability -Growth Requirements -Morphologic Characteristics -Toxins Reproduced -Gram's stain Reaction
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Pathogenic/Nonpathogenic |
Disease Producing ability of Bacteria |
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Growth Requirements |
Temperature Oxygen Nutrition Moisture |
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Temp Requirements for Bacteria |
-Psychrophilic -Mesophilic -Thermophilic |
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Psychrophilic |
"cold loving" bacteria that reproduce best at low temperatures (4C) |
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Mesophilic |
Bacteriathat reproduce best at body temperature (35C) and are the primary pathogens in man |
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Thermophilic |
bacteria that reproduce best at higher temperatures (42C) |
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Morphologic Characteristics |
-Coccus -Bacillus -Spirochetes |
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Coccus (pl. cocci) |
Spherical, appears singly, in pairs, chains, clusters, or packets |
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Bacillus (pl. bacilli) |
Rod-shaped, appears singly, in chains, or in different organizations |
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Spirochetes- (pl. spirilla) |
Helical, spiral, corkscrew-shaped, appearing singly only |
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Toxins Produced By Bacteria |
Endotoxin- comprises part of the cell wall and is released as the bacterial cell is destroyed.
Exotoxin- are less potent than Endotoxins, but may affect the patient during the course of antibiotic therapy. |
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Gram positive |
Cells retain the Primary Crystal Violet stain during decolorizations and retain the violet stain. |
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Gram negative |
DO NOT retain the Violet stain
They Are Counterstained Pink |
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Cocci, Positive |
Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureus
*hint* All Start with (S) |
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Cocci, Negative |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitis
*hint* Both Start With (N) |
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Bacilli, Positive |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clostridium perfringens tetani botulinum
*hint* Both Start with (C) |
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Bacilli, Negative |
Yersinia pestis Brucella abortus Bordetella pertussis |
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The normal daily urine volume for adults ranges from ____ to ____, averaging about _____ml. |
600-2,000ml averaging 1,500ml |
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Preservation of urin specimens |
-Refrigeration -Hydrochloric acid
*should be atlest 12ml in volume* *kids between 10-15ml* |
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Urine color |
Colorless Light straw Straw Darker straw Light amber Amber Red, abnormal |
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Red or Red Brown Urine |
Caused by the presence of blood |
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Yellow or Brown (turning greenish with yellow goam when shaken) |
caused by the presence of Bile
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Olive green to brown-black |
caused by phenols (an extremely poisonous compound, used as an antimicrobial agent) |
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Dark orange- |
caused by Pyridium (a topical analgesic se in the treatment of urinary tract infections) |
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Microscopic examination of urine sediment at ____ is usually performed in addition to routine chemical procedures. |
40X |
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Casts? |
Urinary sediments formed by coagulation of albuminous amterial in the kidney tubules.
*Indicates some form of kidney disorder*
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Critical Results for labs |
WBC count >50,000 indicates acute infection Hgb <7 indicates severe anemia GLU/Keystones both (+) may indicate diabetes
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Walking Blood Bank |
A minimum file of ten percent of certain ship's company is required to be enrolled in the walking blood bank. |
