Ch 19-Earth, Moon And Sun

Front 1

How does Earth move in space

Back 1

Earth moves through space in two major ways: rotation and revolution

Front 2

Rotation

Back 2

The spinning of Earth on its axis

Front 3

Axis

Back 3

The imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and the South poles

Front 4

Revolution

Back 4

The movement of one object around another

Front 5

Orbit

Back 5

The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space

Front 6

Astronomy

Back 6

The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space

Front 7

What causes the cycle of seasons on Earth

Back 7

Earth has seasons because its axis is titled as it revolves around the sun

Front 8

Solstice

Back 8

When the sun is farthest north or south of the equator

Front 9

Equinox

Back 9

The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun

Front 10

What determines the strength of the force of gravity between two objecs

Back 10

The strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends on two factors: the masses of the objects and the distance between them

Front 11

Force

Back 11

A push or a pull

Front 12

Gravity

Back 12

The force that attracts all objects toward each other

Front 13

Law of universal gravitation

Back 13

States that every object in the universe attracts every other object

Front 14

Mass

Back 14

The amount of matter in an object

Front 15

Weight

Back 15

The force of gravity on an object

Front 16

What two factors combine to keep the moon and Earth in orbit

Back 16

Newton that two factors--interia and gravity--combine to keep Earth in orbit around the sun and the moon in orbit around the Earth

Front 17

Inertia

Back 17

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Front 18

Newton's first law of motion

Back 18

An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with constant speed and direction unless acted on by a force

Front 19

What causes the phases of the moon

Back 19

The phase of the moon you see depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth

Front 20

Phases

Back 20

The different shapes of the moon you see from Earth

Front 21

When does an eclipse occur

Back 21

When the moon's shadow hits Earth or Earth's shadow hits the moon, an eclipse occurs

Front 22

Eclipse

Back 22

When an object in space comes between the sun and a third object, it casts a shadow on that object

Front 23

When do solar eclipses occur?

Back 23

A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth

Front 24

Solar eclipse

Back 24

Occurs when a new moon blocks your view of the sun

Front 25

Umbra

Back 25

The very darkest part of the moon's shadow

Front 26

Penumbra

Back 26

The larger part of the shadow

Front 27

When do lunar eclipses occur

Back 27

During a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon

Front 28

Lunar eclipse

Back 28

Occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun

Front 29

What causes tides

Back 29

Tides are caused mainly by the differences in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts of Earth

Front 30

Spring tide

Back 30

Their combined forces produce a tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides

Front 31

Neap tide

Back 31

A toe with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides

Front 32

What features are found on the moon's surface

Back 32

Features on the moon's surface include maria, craters, and highlands

Front 33

Telescope

Back 33

A device built to observe distant objects by making them appear closer

Front 34

Maria

Back 34

The moon's surface has a dark, flat areas

Front 35

Craters

Back 35

Large round pits

Front 36

Meteoroids

Back 36

Chunks of rocks or dust from space

Front 37

Highlands

Back 37

Light-colored features

Front 38

What are some characteristics of the moon

Back 38

The moon is dry and airless. Compared to Earth, the moon is small and has large variations in its surface temperature

Front 39

How did the moon form

Back 39

Scientists theorized that a planet-sized object collided with Earth to form the moon

Front 40

Rocket

Back 40

A device that expels gas in one direction to move the opposite direction

Front 41

How do rockets work

Back 41

A rocket moves forward when gases shooting out the back of the rocket push it in the opposite direction

Front 42

Thrust

Back 42

The reaction force that propels a rocket forward

Front 43

Velocity

Back 43

Speed in a given direction

Front 44

Orbital velocity

Back 44

The velocity a rocket must achieve to establish an orbit around Earth

Front 45

Escape velocity

Back 45

The velocity a rocket must ready to fly beyond a planet's gravitational pull

Front 46

What is the main advantage of a multistage rocket

Back 46

The main advantage of a multistage rocket is that the total weight of the rocket is greatly reduced as the rocket rises

Front 47

What was a space race, and what were the major events in the human exploration of the moon

Back 47

The rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union over the exploration of space was known as the "space race. " the American effort to land astronauts on the moon was named the Apollo program

Front 48

Satellite

Back 48

an object that revolves around another object in space

Front 49

What are the roles of space shuttles, space stations, and space probes?

Back 49

Space Shuttles: Taking satellites into space, repairing damaged satellites, and carrying astronauts and equipment to and from space stations.

Space stations: provides a place where long-term observations and experiments can be carried out in space.

Space probes: gather data about distant parts of the solar system where humans can't easily travel.

Front 50

Space shuttle

Back 50

A spacecraft that can carry a crew into space, return to Earth, and then be reused for the same purpose

Front 51

Space station

Back 51

A large artificial satellite on which people can live and work for long periods

Front 52

Space probe

Back 52

A spacecraft that carries scientific instruments that can collect data, but has no human crew

Front 53

Tides

Back 53

The rise and fall of ocean water that occurs 12.5 hours or so

Front 54

Rovers

Back 54

A small robotic space probe that can move about the surface of a planet or moon