Ch. 19 Cell Bio

Front 1

anaphase

Back 1

stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes seperate and move away from each other. Composed of anaphase A (chromosomes move toward the two spindle poles) and B (spindle poles move apart.

Front 2

anaphase promoting complex

Back 2

A protein complex that promotes the destruction of a specific protein, by catalyzing their ubiquitination. It is a crucial component of the cell cyle control system

Front 3

aster

Back 3

star shaped system of mt emanating from a centrosome or from a pole of a mitotic spindle.

Front 4

catastrophin

Back 4

protein that destabilizes mt by promoting their depolymerization.

Front 5

centrosome

Back 5

centrally located organelle of animal cells that is the primary mt-organizing center and acts as the spindle pole during mitosis, in most animal cells in contains a pair of centrioles

Front 6

centrosome cycle

Back 6

duplication of the centrosome (during interphase) and seperation of the two new cenrosomes (at the beginning of mitosis) to form the poles of hte mitotic spindle.

Front 7

chromosome condensation

Back 7

process by which a chromosome becomes packed up into a more compact strucure prior to M phase of the cell cycle.

Front 8

chromatid

Back 8

one compy of a chromosome formed by DNA replication that is still joined at hte contromere ot the other copy.

Front 9

cohesin

Back 9

protein complex that holds sister chromatids together after DNA has been replicated in the cell cycle.

Front 10

condensin

Back 10

proteins involved in condensation process. Helps coil DNA.

Front 11

cyclin-dependent kinase

Back 11

protein kinase that has to be complexed with a cyclin protein in order to act. Different CDk-cyclin complexes trigger different steps in the cell division cylce by phosphorylating specific target proteins.

Front 12

cytokinesis

Back 12

division of cytoplasm of a cell into two.

Front 13

diploid

Back 13

a cell or organism containing two sets of homologous chromosomes and hence two copies of each gene or genetic loci.

Front 14

haploid

Back 14

has only one set of chromosomes

Front 15

kinetochore

Back 15

complex protein containing structure on a mitotic chromosome to which MT attach. Forms on the centrosome of chromosome

Front 16

M phase

Back 16

period of euk. cell cycle during which the nucleus and cytoplasm divide.

Front 17

M phase Cdk

Back 17

active complex formed at the start of m phase of the cell cycle by an m-cyclin and the mitotic cyclin dependent protein kinase.

Front 18

metaphase

Back 18

phase where chromosome are firmly attached to mitotic spindle at the equator.

Front 19

meiosis

Back 19

two successive nuclear divisions with only one round of dna replication. Generate 4 haploid cells from 1 diploid cell.

Front 20

mitosis

Back 20

division of nucleus involving condensation of dna into visible chromosomes

Front 21

mitotic spindle

Back 21

array of mt and associated molecules that forms between the opposite poles of a euk. cell during mitosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.

Front 22

phragmoplast

Back 22

structure made of mt and membrane vesicles that forms in teh equatorial region of a dividing plante cell.

Front 23

prometaphase

Back 23

stage of mitosis that precedes metaphase

Front 24

prophase

Back 24

first stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes are condensed but not yet atttached to a mittotic spindle.

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sister chromatid

Back 25

same a chromatid

Front 26

spindle pole

Back 26

one of two centrosomes in a cell undergoing mitosis. MT radiating from these centrosomes form the mitotic spindle.

Front 27

telophase

Back 27

final stage of mitosis where two sets of seperated chromosomes decondense and become enclosed by nucleur envelopes.

Front 28

gamma tubulin ring

Back 28

protein complexes in centrosomes that nucleates MT assembly.