Ch. 19 - Cancer Medicine

Front 1

Characteristics of benign tumors

Back 1

(1) grow slowly (2) usually encapsulated (3) differentiated (4) DO NOT metastasize

Front 2

Characteristics of malignant tumors

Back 2

(1) multiply rapidly (2) invasive, infiltrate (3) undifferentiated (4) DO metastasize

Front 3

Carcinogenesis

Back 3

damages genetic material (DNA)

Front 4

What is anaplastic with regards to cells?

Back 4

DNA stops making normal codes that allow normal cells to continue differentiating

Front 5

What is apoptosis?

Back 5

When normal cells undergo death ( cancer cells lose this ability)

Front 6

Some chemical carcinogens?

Back 6

Hydrocarbons ( nicotine products, auto exhaust, dyes, asbestos, hormones)

Front 7

Oncogenes

Back 7

Pieces of normal DNA when mutated (via translation) -> makes normal cells into cancerous cells

Front 8

Histogenesis??

Back 8

??

Front 9

cancerous tumors -> cancinomas

Back 9

solid tumors derived from epithelial tissue ( skin, glands, digestive tract, urinary tract, reproductive organs)

Front 10

cancerous tumor -> sarcomas

Back 10

arise from connective tissue ( bone, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow, lymphatic system)

Front 11

cancerous tumor -> mixed-tissue tumors

Back 11

derived from tissue able to differentiate into either epithelial + connective tissue ( Will's tumor, skin, gland cells, cartilage, "germ cell" tumor)

Front 12

GROSS - cystic

Back 12

forming large open spaces filled with fluid

Front 13

GROSS - fungating

Back 13

tumor cells piled one top of one another

Front 14

GROSS - medullary

Back 14

Large, soft, fleshy tumor

Front 15

GROSS - polypoid

Back 15

Growths form projections extending from base

Front 16

GROSS - ulcerating

Back 16

open, exposed surface resulting from death of overlying tumors

Front 17

GROSS - verricous

Back 17

resembling a wart-like growth

Front 18

MICRO descriptions - carcinoma in situ

Back 18

localized tumor cells that have not extended to adjacent cells

Front 19

MICRO descriptions - dysplastic

Back 19

containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous

Front 20

MICRO descriptions - epidermoid

Back 20

resembling squamous epithelial cells

Front 21

MICRO descriptions - follicular

Back 21

forming small grandular sacs

Front 22

MICRO descriptions - papillary

Back 22

finger- or nipple-like projections from cell

Front 23

MICRO descriptions - pleomorphic

Back 23

made of a variety of cells

Front 24

MICRO descriptions - schirrous

Back 24

densely packed d/t dense bands of fibrous tissue

Front 25

MICRO descriptions - undifferentiated

Back 25

Lacking of microscopic structure of normal master cells

Front 26

Grade 1 tumor

Back 26

Well differentiated and closely resemble normal cells

Front 27

Grade 2 + 3 tumors

Back 27

Intermediate in appearance, moderately or poorly differentiated

Front 28

Grade 4 tumors

Back 28

Undifferentiated tumors

Front 29

alveol/o

Back 29

small sac

Front 30

cac/o

Back 30

bad

Front 31

carcin/o

Back 31

cancer, cancerous

Front 32

cauter/o

Back 32

burn, heat

Front 33

chem/o

Back 33

drug, chemical

Front 34

cry/o

Back 34

cold

Front 35

cyst/o

Back 35

sac of fluid

Front 36

fibr/o

Back 36

fibera

Front 37

follicul/o

Back 37

follice , small sac

Front 38

fung/i

Back 38

fungus

Front 39

medull/o

Back 39

medulla

Front 40

mucos/o

Back 40

mucus membrane

Front 41

mut/a

Back 41

genetic change

Front 42

mutagen/o

Back 42

causing genetic change

Front 43

necr/o

Back 43

death

Front 44

neur/o

Back 44

nerve

Front 45

onc/o

Back 45

tumor

Front 46

papill/o

Back 46

nipple-like

Front 47

plas/o

Back 47

formation

Front 48

ple/o

Back 48

more, many, varied

Front 49

polyp/o

Back 49

polyp, small growth

Front 50

prot/o

Back 50

first

Front 51

radi/o

Back 51

rays

Front 52

sacr/o

Back 52

flesh, connective tissue

Front 53

scirrh/o

Back 53

hard

Front 54

xer/o

Back 54

dry

Front 55

-blastoma

Back 55

immature tumor/ cell

Front 56

-genesis

Back 56

formation

Front 57

-oma

Back 57

mass, tumor

Front 58

-plasia

Back 58

formation, growth

Front 59

-plasm

Back 59

formation, growth

Front 60

-suppression

Back 60

to stop

Front 61

-therapy

Back 61

treatment

Front 62

ana-

Back 62

backward

Front 63

apo-

Back 63

off, away

Front 64

brachy-

Back 64

short

Front 65

epi-

Back 65

upon

Front 66

meta-

Back 66

change , beyond

Front 67

neo-

Back 67

new

Front 68

tele-

Back 68

far

Front 69

brachytherapy

Back 69

radiotherapy that inserts sealed containers into body cavities (or cells)

Front 70

carcinogen

Back 70

agent that causes/produces cancer

Front 71

metastasis

Back 71

beyond control

Front 72

neoplasm

Back 72

new growth

Front 73

apoptosis

Back 73

programmed cell death

Front 74

hyperplasia

Back 74

excessive growth, formation

Front 75

pleomorphic

Back 75

pertaining to a variety of shapes/cells