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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Secretion |
Out of the tissues, into the nephron |
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Reabsorption |
Part of the nephron, into the tissues |
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Nephron |
Greek word for kidney, they are situated between the renal cortex and the renal medulla it is the functional unit of the kidney |
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Glomerulus |
Bulb of capillaries surrounded by a covering |
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Bowman's capsule |
Filtration of water and solute smaller than proteins |
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Afferent arterial |
Going into the glomerulus |
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Efferent arteriole |
Exiting the glomerulus |
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Proximal convoluted tubule |
Tubing leading from the glomerulus |
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Descending limb |
Tubul comes down away from the glomerulus |
Comes down away |
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Loop of Henle |
Hairpin turn of the tubular leading back toward the glomerulus |
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Ascending limb |
Tubul comes back up toward the glomerulus. Thick limb |
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Distal convoluted tubules |
Secretion of ions which is under hormonal control of aldosterone stimulating the sodium and potassium ion pumps, acids, and drugs |
Distal |
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Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
The point at which the distal convoluted tubules make contact with the afferent arterial to regulate the kidney function. By releasing the enzyme running which in turn activates angiotensin protein to increase blood pressure the kidneys can maintain the pressure needed to for proper filtration |
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Tubular secretion |
Some substances are actively moved from the blood into the nephron to regulate the acid-base pH balance of the body fluids |
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Concentration of the urine |
Influenced by antidiuretic hormone, at the filtrate passes through the loop of Henle, electrolytes, especially sodium, are actively pumped about the nephrons Cell, resulting in an increased concentration of the interstitial fluid |
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Micturition |
Urination |
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Maintenance of extracellular volume |
Is brought about by retaining or excreting sodium |
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Aldosterone |
Produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion by the cells of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney nephron |
Aldo |
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High aldosterone concentration |
Almost no sodium in the urine and increase potassium concentration |
High aldo |
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Increased aldosterone concentration |
Increased reabsorption of sodium from the intestine and lumen of the ducts of the sudoriferous and salivary glands |
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Intracellular concentration of sodium increases |
When sodium concentration increases in the plasma |
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Decreased rate of aldosterone secretion |
Increase sodium concentration |
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Increase rate of aldosterone secretion |
Increase potassium concentration |
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An additive effect on aldosterone |
Decreased concentration of sodium in the plasma with an increase potassium concentration |
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A net effect on aldosterone that is the algebraic sum of the two |
Increase concentration of sodium and potassium in the plasma |
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Physical factors in the kidneys |
Involve changes in protein concentration in the plasma of the peritubular capillaries |
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Hyponatremia |
Low sodium level may result from not consuming enough sodium in the diet, excreting too much, or being over hydrated |
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Hyponatremia |
Disorders include: pneumonia, stroke, drugs, other disorders that can cause a low sodium level |
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Hypernatremia |
A high sodium level is usually caused by dehydration or use of diuretics |
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Hypernatremia |
A person with a high sodium level may become weak and feel sluggish, have a very high sodium level can also cause confusion paralysis, coma, and seizures |
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Hypokalemia |
A low potassium level is often caused by use of a diuretic |
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Hypokalemia |
Body tends to produce less insulin, as a result the level of sugar in the blood may increase. If the potassium level becomes very low: confusion, muscle weakness, and cramps typically occur |
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Hyperkalemia |
A high potassium level is much more dangerous than a low potassium level |
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Hypernatraemia |
If the sodium level is slightly high it can be lowered by drinking fluids |
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