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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolism
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Refers to all the chemicals of the body
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Cellular metabolism
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chemical reactions to break down organic molecules and to obtain energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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Digestive Process
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1. Food is digested mechincally (chewing) and chemically to form organic molecules
2. Transported via bloodstream and diffuse into interstitial fluid 3. Enter the cell (nutrient pool) |
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Catabolism
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break down of organic molecules for energy
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Anabolism
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synthesis (making) of new organic molecules by forming new chemical bonds.
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1. needed to perform structural maintenance and repairs
2. support growth 3. produce secretion |
Why is ATP needed?
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1. Carbs (sugars)
2. Lipids (fats) 3. Amino Acids (proteins) |
Cells will break down these organic molecules for energy in what order?
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Glycolysis
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breakdown of glucose to pryuvic acid
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Anaerobic metabolism
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does not need O2
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Aerobic metabolism
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Needs O2
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1. needed to perform structural maintenance and repairs
2. support growth 3. produce secretion |
Why is ATP needed?
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1. Carbs (sugars)
2. Lipids (fats) 3. Amino Acids (proteins) |
Cells will break down these organic molecules for energy in what order?
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Glycolysis
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-breakdown of glucose to pryuvic acid.
-occurs in cytosol -carbs (glucose and startches) are essential for glycolysis to occur |
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Anaerobic metabolism
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does not need O2
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Aerobic metabolism
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Needs O2
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Glycolysis Process
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1 Glucose -> 2 ATP molecules -> + 2 pryuvic acid -> enter the mitochondria
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Mitochondrial energy production
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-produce 95% of the ATP
-Involves the krebs cycle and electron transport system -requires oxygen to occur. |
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TCA Cycle or Krebs Cycle
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2 pyruvic acid molecules + O2 -> 2 ATP + H
-H enters the electron transport system - H + phosphate group + NAD = 36 ATP -plus H+02 = water |
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Glucose Storage
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-glucose stored in the liver 1st as glygogen
-excess sugar then stored in the muscles as amino acids -remaining excess of sugar than stored in fat as triglycerides -excessive intake of sugar is stored as fat which increases weight gain. |
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Lipolysis
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-Lipids are broken down into pyruvic acid
-begins if carb stores are depleted. |
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Lipid and energy production
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provide large amounts of ATP but take longer to break down
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Lipid and transport and distribution
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-to and from peripheral tissue and liver
-transported as lippoproteins and fatty acids in the blood |
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Triglycerides
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most abundant lipid in body
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Lipoproteins
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-lipid protein complexes that contain a insoluble glyceride
-LDL (low density) bad cholesterol -HDL (high density) good cholesterol |
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Free Fatty Acids
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-lipids that diffuse easily across cell membrane. Used when glucose supplies are limited.
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