Ch 18 Endocrine System Terms And Combos

Front 1

Thyroid (3 hormones)

Back 1

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin

Front 2

parathyroids 1 hormone

Back 2

parathyroid hormone

Front 3

adrenals - cortex (4 hormones)

Back 3

cortisol (glucocorticoid), aldosterone (mineralocorticoid), androgens, estrogens

Front 4

adrenals - medulla (2 hormones)

Back 4

epinephrine (adrenaline); norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Front 5

pancreas islet cells (2 hormones)

Back 5

insulin; glucagon

Front 6

pituitary - anterior lobe (7 hormones)

Back 6

growth hormone (somatotropin, GH); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); gonadotropins - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL)

Front 7

pituitary - posterior lobe (2 hormones)

Back 7

antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin), oxytocin

Front 8

ovaries (2 hormones)

Back 8

estrogens, progesterone

Front 9

testes (1 hormone)

Back 9

testosterone

Front 10

adrenal cortex

Back 10

outer section of each adrenal gland

Front 11

adrenal medulla

Back 11

inner section of each adrenal gland

Front 12

pancreas

Back 12

located behind the stomach - islet (alpha and beta) cells secrete hormones, also contains exocrine cells which secrete enzymes.

Front 13

parathyroid glands

Back 13

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

Front 14

pituitary gland (def and second name)

Back 14

hypophysis, located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica - with anterior and posterior lobes

Front 15

thyroid

Back 15

located in the neck on either side of the trachea

Front 16

adrenaline, epinephrine

Back 16

secreted by the adrenal medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure - 2 names

Front 17

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 17

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates the adrenal cortex (name and abbrev)

Front 18

aldosterone

Back 18

secreted by the adrenal cortex, increases salt reabsorption

Front 19

androgen

Back 19

secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex - male hormone, testosterone is an example

Front 20

antidiuretic hormone, ADH, vasopressin

Back 20

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland - increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys (2 names, plus abbrev.)

Front 21

calcitonin

Back 21

secreted by the thyroid gland - decreases blood calcium levels

Front 22

cortisol

Back 22

secreted by the adrenal cortex in times of stress - has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Front 23

estradiol

Back 23

female hormone (estrogen) secreted by the ovaries

Front 24

estrogen

Back 24

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and the adrenal cortex. examples are estradiol and estrone

Front 25

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 25

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary glands - stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes (name and abrev)

Front 26

glucagon

Back 26

secreted by alpha islet cells of th epancreas - increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

Front 27

growth hormone, GH, somatotropin

Back 27

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland- stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues - 2 names and abbrev

Front 28

insulin

Back 28

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas - helps glucose pass into cells, promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen

Front 29

luteinizing hormone, LH

Back 29

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland - stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males (name and abr)

Front 30

norepinephrine, noradrenaline

Back 30

sympathomimetic hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla - increases heart rate and blood pressure

Front 31

oxytocin (OT)

Back 31

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland - stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth (name and abbrev)

Front 32

parathormone (PTH)

Back 32

secreted by parathyroid glands - increases blood calcium (name and abr)

Front 33

progesterone

Back 33

secreted by ovaries prepares the uterus for pregnancy

Front 34

prolactin (PRL)

Back 34

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland - promotes milk secretion

Front 35

testosterone

Back 35

male hormone secreted by the testes

Front 36

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) thyrotropin

Back 36

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning (2 names and abr)

Front 37

adenohypophysis

Back 37

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (name)

Front 38

neurohypophysis

Back 38

posterior lobe of pituitary gland (name)

Front 39

thyroxine (T4) tetraiodothyronine

Back 39

secreted by thryoid gland - increases metabolism in cells (2 names, abr)

Front 40

triiodothyronine (T3)

Back 40

secreted by thyroid gland - increases metabolism in cells (name and abr)

Front 41

catecholamines (1 example)

Back 41

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla - example - epinephrine

Front 42

corticosteroids (4 examples)

Back 42

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex - cortisol, aldosterone, androgens and estrogens

Front 43

electrolyte (3 examples)

Back 43

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues, and necessary for proper functioning of cells - potassium, sodium and calcium

Front 44

glucocorticoid (1 example)

Back 44

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex - regulates glucose, fat and protein metabolism (type) cortisol is example

Front 45

homeostasis

Back 45

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

Front 46

hormone

Back 46

substance secreted by an endocrine gland that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

Front 47

hypothalamus

Back 47

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland - secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

Front 48

mineralocorticoid 1 example

Back 48

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body - aldosterone

Front 49

receptor

Back 49

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

Front 50

sella turcica

Back 50

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

Front 51

sex hormones

Back 51

steroids ( androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

Front 52

steroid (4 examples)

Back 52

complex substance related to fats, of which many hormones are made. Estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids

Front 53

sympathomimetic (1 example)

Back 53

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline

Front 54

target tissue

Back 54

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

Front 55

aden/o

Back 55

R. gland

Front 56

adren/o, adrenal/o

Back 56

R. adrenal gland (2)

Front 57

gonad/o

Back 57

R. sex glands

Front 58

pancreat/o

Back 58

R. pancreas

Front 59

parathyroid/o

Back 59

R. parathyroid gland

Front 60

pituitar/o

Back 60

R. pituitary gland

Front 61

thyr/o, thyroid/o

Back 61

R. thyroid gland (2)

Front 62

andr/o

Back 62

R. male

Front 63

calc/o, calci/o

Back 63

R. calcium

Front 64

cortic/o

Back 64

R. cortex, outer region

Front 65

crin/o

Back 65

R. secrete

Front 66

dips/o

Back 66

R. thirst

Front 67

estr/o

Back 67

R. female

Front 68

gluc/o, glyc/o

Back 68

R. sugar (2)

Front 69

home/o

Back 69

R. sameness

Front 70

hormon/o

Back 70

R. hormone

Front 71

kal/i

Back 71

R. potassium

Front 72

lact/o

Back 72

R. milk

Front 73

myx/o

Back 73

R. mucus

Front 74

natr/o

Back 74

R. sodium

Front 75

phys/o

Back 75

R. growing

Front 76

somat/o

Back 76

R. body

Front 77

ster/o

Back 77

R. solid structure

Front 78

toc/o

Back 78

R. childbirth

Front 79

toxic/o

Back 79

R. poison

Front 80

ur/o

Back 80

R. urine

Front 81

-agon

Back 81

S. assemble, gather together

Front 82

-emia

Back 82

S. blood condition

Front 83

-in, -ine

Back 83

S. substance (2)

Front 84

-tropin

Back 84

S. stimulating function of

Front 85

-uria

Back 85

S. urine condition

Front 86

eu-

Back 86

P. good, normal

Front 87

hyper-

Back 87

P. excessive, above

Front 88

hypo-

Back 88

P. deficient, below, under,

Front 89

oxy-

Back 89

P. rapid, sharp, acid

Front 90

pan-

Back 90

P. all

Front 91

tetra-

Back 91

P. four

Front 92

tri-

Back 92

P. three

Front 93

thyroiditis

Back 93

condition resulting from bacterial, viral infections, or auto-immune response. Symptoms are throat pain, swelling, tenderness, signs of hyperthyroidism

Front 94

polydipsia

Back 94

thirstiness associated with diabetes

Front 95

hypokalemia

Back 95

condition occurs in dehydration with excessive vomiting and diarrhea.

Front 96

myxedema

Back 96

mucus like material accumulates under skin

Front 97

hyponatremia

Back 97

condition occurs with hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex as salts and water leave the body

Front 98

hypophysectomy

Back 98

removal of abnormal pituitary gland tissue, to slow growth of endocrine-dependent malignant tumors

Front 99

thyrotoxicosis

Back 99

condition caused by excesssive thyroid gland activity and oversecretion of thyroid hormone. symptoms are sweating, weight loss, tachycardia and nervousness

Front 100

glycosuria

Back 100

sign of diabetes mellitus in urine

Front 101

Drug with a high margin of safety has a high what?

Back 101

High therapeutic index

Front 102

hyperkalemia

Back 102

condition seen in acute renal failure, massive trauma and major burns