Ch 18 Disease And Epidemiology

Front 1

WHAT are bacteria that permanently colonize the host

Back 1

Normal microbiota or normal flora

Front 2

Normal microbiota WHAT the host, they occupy niches so that WHAT can't take up that space, and they produce WHAT and WHAT

Back 2

Protect...pathogens...vitamins and bacteriocins

Front 3

WHAT are microbes that may be present for relatively short periods of time, and are not necessarily WHAT

Back 3

Transient microbiota...pathogenic

Front 4

WHAT is where both organisms benefit. Like e.coli gives us vitamins and we give it nutrients and a stable environment

Back 4

Mutualism

Front 5

WHAT is where one organism benefits, and the other is unaffected. Like mycobacterium in the ear and genitals

Back 5

Comensalism

Front 6

WHAT is where one organism benefits at the expense of another, like pathogens

Back 6

Parasitism

Front 7

WHAT is the study of disease

Back 7

Pathology

Front 8

WHAT is the study of cause of something, diseases, in our case

Back 8

Etiology

Front 9

WHAT is the development of disease

Back 9

Pathogenesis

Front 10

WHAT is the colonization of the body by pathogens

Back 10

Infection

Front 11

WHAT is the abnormal state in the body in which the body is not functioning properly

Back 11

Disease

Front 12

WHAT are still used to demonstrate that a microbe causes an infectious disease

Back 12

Koch's postulates

Front 13

WHAT is a change in a body function that's felt or noticed by a patient as a result of a disease, can't be measured, like WHAT

Back 13

Symptom...pain

Front 14

WHAT is a change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of a disease, such as WHAT or WHAT

Back 14

Sign...fever...swelling

Front 15

WHAT is a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease

Back 15

Syndrome

Front 16

WHAT is a disease that can be spread from host to host, example WHAT

Back 16

Communicable ...chicken pox

Front 17

WHAT disease is a disease that is easily spread from host to host, example the WHAT

Back 17

Contagious...common cold

Front 18

WHAT disease is a disease that's not spread from host to host. Example, WHAT

Back 18

Noncommunicable...tetanus

Front 19

WHAT is the fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time frame. It indicates the spread of the disease cuz it shows the WHAT cases

Back 19

Incidence...new

Front 20

WHAT is the fraction of a population that has a disease at a specific time. This takes WHAT and WHAT cases into account

Back 20

Prevalence ...old...new

Front 21

WHAT disease occurs occasionally in a population, such as food poisoning/infection

Back 21

Sporadic

Front 22

WHAT is a disease that is constantly present, such as the common cold

Back 22

Endemic

Front 23

WHAT plus WHAT define the scope of the disease

Back 23

Incidence...prevalence

Front 24

WHAT disease is acquired by many people in a given area in a relatively short period of time. Such as WHAT and occasionally the flu

Back 24

Epidemic ...STDs

Front 25

WHAT is a worldwide epidemic. Like HIV and flu occasionally

Back 25

Pandemic

Front 26

In WHAT disease the symptoms develop rapidly, example the WHAT

Back 26

Acute...flu

Front 27

In WHAT disease it develops slowly, example is WHAT

Back 27

Chronic...lymes disease

Front 28

In WHAT disease the symptoms are between acute and chronic

Back 28

Subacute

Front 29

In WHAT disease there is a period of no symptoms when the causeitive agent is inactive, example WHAT

Back 29

Latent...herpes

Front 30

WHAT disease has no noticeable signs or symptoms, inapparent infection

Back 30

Subclinical

Front 31

WHAT is a toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection

Back 31

Sepsis

Front 32

WHAT is bacteria in the blood aka blood poisoning

Back 32

Bacteremia

Front 33

WHAT is growth of bacteria in the blood, it's particularly dangerous

Back 33

Septicemia

Front 34

WHAT is toxins in the blood, example tetanus

Back 34

Toxemia

Front 35

WHAT is viruses in the blood, example is HIV

Back 35

Viremia

Front 36

Predisposing factors make the body more susceptible to disease. Factors like WHAT, or any type of chemical treatment. Pre- existing WHAT. WHAT traits, like the sickle cell gene. WHAT and WHAT. WHAT, WHAT and lifestyle

Back 36

Chemotherapy....diseases....inherited...climate ...weather...fatigue...age

Front 37

In every stage of a disease, the host is WHAT for the entire period

Back 37

Contagious

Front 38

Disease stages: WHAT is short in duration, early signs and symptoms

Back 38

Prodromal

Front 39

Disease stages:WHAT is most sever stage and where death can occur

Back 39

Illness

Front 40

Disease stages:WHAT is when the signs/symptoms reduce, and where secondary infections may occur

Back 40

Decline

Front 41

Disease stages: WHAT is the recovery period

Back 41

Convalescence

Front 42

WHAT is a continual source of infection. They vary with the WHAT

Back 42

Reservoirs...disease

Front 43

There can be WHAT reservoirs like soil or water

Back 43

Nonliving

Front 44

There can be WHAT reservoirs for HIV and STDS

Back 44

Human

Front 45

There can be WHAT reservoirs that are important for WHAT which are diseases present in the wild and passed to humans. Rabies, lymes

Back 45

Animal...zoonoses

Front 46

Disease can be spread by contact: WHAT contact requires close association between infected and susceptible host

Back 46

Direct

Front 47

Disease can be spread by contact: WHAT contact is spread by WHAT which are non living objects

Back 47

Indirect...fomites

Front 48

Disease can be spread by contact: WHAT airborne droplets

Back 48

Droplet

Front 49

Disease can be transmitted by: WHAT which is an inanimate reservoir, such as food, water, air, blood, IV fluids

Back 49

Vehicle transmission

Front 50

Disease can be transmitted by: WHAT which are arthropods, such as ticks, fleas, mosquitoes

Back 50

Vectors

Front 51

Vectors transmit by 2 general methods. WHAT transmission where the arthropod carries pathogen on feet. Or WHAT transmission where pathogen reproduces in vector

Back 51

Mechanical...biological

Front 52

WHAT is a hospital acquired infection that affects 5- 15% of all hospital patients

Back 52

Nosocomial

Front 53

WHAT is the study of where and when diseases occur

Back 53

Epidemiology

Front 54

WHAT is the number of people affected by a disease in a given period of time

Back 54

Morbidity rate

Front 55

WHAT is the number of deaths resulting from a disease in a population

Back 55

Mortality rate

Front 56

WHO instituted hand washing in a Vienna maternity clinic and reduced mortality to below 2%

Back 56

Semmelweis

Front 57

WHO was a British physician who tracked a cholera outbreak to a certain pump

Back 57

John snow

Front 58

WHO was a British statistatician who showed diseases, poor food, and conditions killed soldiers and was 1st woman in stat society

Back 58

Florence nightingale

Front 59

3 main branches of epidemiology recognized: WHAT, the collection and analysis of data, done by WHO

Back 59

Descriptive ...john snow

Front 60

3 main branches of epidemiology recognized: WHAT, the comparison of a diseased and healthy group, done by WHO

Back 60

Analytical ...florence nightingale

Front 61

3 main branches of epidemiology recognized: WHAT, controlled, scientific experiments, done by WHO

Back 61

Experimental...semmelweis

Front 62

Health care workers report specified diseases to local, state and national offices, and some are WHAT diseases which are legally required to be reported

Back 62

Nationally notifiable

Front 63

Koch's postulates: 1. Microorganisms are isolated from a WHAT or dead animal

Back 63

Diseased

Front 64

Koch's postulates: 2. Microorganisms are grown in a pure WHAT and are WHAT under a microscope

Back 64

Culture ...IDed

Front 65

Koch's postulates: 3. Microorganisms are injected into a WHAT animal

Back 65

Healthy

Front 66

Koch's postulates: 4. The disease is reproduced in this animal and microorganisms are WHAT from the animal

Back 66

Isolated

Front 67

Koch's postulates: 5. The microorganisms are grown in a pure WHAT and identical microorganisms are WHAT

Back 67

Culture...ID

Front 68

Koch's postulates. Rules: 1 the same WHAT must be present in every instance of disease

Back 68

Pathogen

Front 69

Koch's postulates. Rules: 2 the pathogen must be isolated from a WHAT and grown in a pure WHAT

Back 69

Diseases host...culture

Front 70

Koch's postulates. Rules: 3 the pathogen from a pure culture must cause WHAT when introduced to a healthy lab animal

Back 70

Disease

Front 71

Koch's postulates. Rules: 4 the pathogen must be re- isolated and re- identified from the lab animal as the same WHAT

Back 71

Parhogen

Front 72

Some loopholes to koch's postulates. Not all infectious microbes WHAT in a lab, and there's not always a need to WHAT them cuz they have distinct signs and symptoms

Back 72

Grow...grow

Front 73

Some loopholes to koch's postulates. Some diseases can be caused by multiple WHAT, like diarrhea

Back 73

Pathogens

Front 74

Some loopholes to koch's postulates. Some pathogens can cause multiple WHAT

Back 74

Diseases

Front 75

Some loopholes to koch's postulates. Some pathogens only attack WHAT, so it's impossible to experiment with

Back 75

Humans

Front 76

Disease stages: WHAT is after infection, but before signs or symptoms

Back 76

Incubation