Ch. 18-20

Front 1

Englightened Absolutism

Back 1

A)The people have natural rights
B)No way to Enforce these rights since they aren't written
C)The Philosophes did not trust the Common People

Front 2

War of Austrian Succession

Back 2

A)Charles- Austrian Emperor: his daughter, Maria Theresa, became the next emperor which was a mistake that caused other countries to attacked Austria
B)Maria Theresa - weak leader in her 1st reign as emperor. had weak army. however she became better. created better army and defeated a lot people.
C)Frederick took Silesia due to his best army 3 bullets shots

Front 3

Seven Years War

Back 3

A) Austria wants Silesia Back (started the war)
B)Great britain Joins Prussia
C)William Pitt-Prime Minister who started banks in England
D)Battle of Quebec- Quebec fall into English land
1)Wolfe- English general who approach the French Army sectrely at night and climb their fortress and lined up at against the city.
2)Montcalm-French general
C)Robert Clive- an Englishman, formed a militia to fight the France & India; English won the battle by digging a ditch.

Front 4

European Armies & Warfare

Back 4

A)Professional armies
B)Foreign Troops
C)Navy- Press Gangs

Front 5

Growth of European Populations

Back 5

A)American Crops (corn, beans, peanuts, potatoes)
B)Agriculture revolution
C)Better Transportation (canals)
D)Btter Health (religions, food, laws)

Front 6

Family, marriage, Birthrate Patterns

Back 6

A)Choose marriage partner
B)18th Century-Childhood-A pahse of human development started
C)Stop Wet-nursing
D)Toys, games, boos for children
E)Foundling homes replace infanticide

Front 7

Agriculture Revolution

Back 7

A)Jethro Tull- invented sea drill on a plow to be used for agriculture planting
B)Enclosed Fields- was passed in england as a law to have fences around the farm.
C)Turnips- new plant that allow crops to grow much faster
D)Watermedows- kepts the grass wet and won't freez.

Front 8

King George III

Back 8

English King whose high taxes & economic controls caused Americans to revolt.

Front 9

Saratoga 1777

Back 9

important war; American, allied with Spains, beat the British and French.

Front 10

Constitution 1789

Back 10

limited the power of govt of the American people and listed rights that cannot be changed.

Front 11

French Revolution

Back 11

A)Liberal monarchists overthrow the old Regime & want American style government
1)Third eestate meets at tennis court & call themselves the national assembly
3)oct. 5 mob marched to Versaille's & arrest king.
B)Pope lost control of French Catholic church. All Church land taken.
D)Louis XVI undercut middle class control of the Revolution by Fleeing. was put on trial for treason.

Front 12

2)Bastille Day July 14

Back 12

French people wanted to free out the Prisoners in the Bastille. Date of French Independence day.

Front 13

C)Jacobins

Back 13

political clubs that was formed during the French Revolution. most radical people, then became the most violent.

Front 14

Declaration of Pillnitz

Back 14

by force of the army of putting the French King on throne

Front 15

George Danton (Radical Revolution)

Back 15

minister of justice; formed Paris Commune; massace of some members of national assembly.

Front 16

Robespierre

Back 16

leader of Jacobins; started the Reign of Terror (the way to take control) after losing the war during the Radical Revolution.

Front 17

G)Directory(French Revolution)

Back 17

group of dictators in French; group of democrcy.

Front 18

Napoleon

Back 18

Born on Corsica, Italy; Given Army of Italy; Crwoned self Emperor during 1804; returned power to catholic church

Front 19

Coup d'etat 1799

Back 19

"Army takes Over"

Front 20

Battle of The Nile

Back 20

Napoleon defeated the British & local Arabs; took over Egypt

Front 21

Ulm

Back 21

a battle between Napoleon against Austria; Napoleon captured the Fortress

Front 22

Austerlitz

Back 22

battle that resulted Napoleon Capture Vienna by blowing a bridge to cross the river.

Front 23

Eylan

Back 23

battle between Russia; Napoleon attack the flank around the hill

Front 24

Trafalgar 1805

Back 24

battle b/w French and British; English won the battle due to Nelson; caused Napoleon couldn't invade the english as a result. many people died on this brutality battle.

Front 25

Jena

Back 25

Battle between the Prussia that resulted a defeat for Prussia from Napoleon.

Front 26

Borodino

Back 26

battle against Russia; brutal war. Russia burn everything when French invade them; quarter of million people died.

Front 27

Elba

Back 27

medietereanian battle; Have Louis XVIII as the new King of France

Front 28

Waterloo

Back 28

Battle in Belgium b/w Prussia and British; Napoleon last battle; French was defeated

Front 29

Duke of Wellington

Back 29

British Leader during the battle of Waterloo

Front 30

Blucher

Back 30

Prussia Commander who help British defeat Napoleon.

Front 31

Origins of Industrial Revolution in Britain

Back 31

A)British ships & companies control world trade
B)Freedom for private enterprise
C)Canals gave cheap Transportation
D)Patent Office
E)Lots of Investment Capital

Front 32

Mckay

Back 32

invented the 1st invention of the "Flying Shuttle" that enabled a pedal to weave fabric much faster.

Front 33

Hargreaves

Back 33

invented "Spinning Jenny" made threads faster to be made

Front 34

Arkwright

Back 34

"water Frame" allow thread to be spin faster by propelling from water pressure.

Front 35

Crompton

Back 35

"Mule" made more threads & less cotton.

Front 36

Cartwright

Back 36

"Power Loom"

Front 37

Canals & Coal

Back 37

1)Two shaft coal mines
2)Canals carried coal to cities.

Front 38

Darby

Back 38

"Coke" excess from a burning coal after taking the purities out

Front 39

Iron & steel

Back 39

1)Wales-best steel & iron
2)Iron Bridge
3)Cooking Pots

Front 40

Henry Cort

Back 40

invented the "Wrought Iron"

Front 41

Thomas Newcomen

Back 41

invented the 1st steam engine

Front 42

John Wilkinson

Back 42

invented the rimming machine. cash steel swords for British army.

Front 43

James Wtt

Back 43

made the 1st EFFICIENT steam engine.

Front 44

Trvethicke

Back 44

St person to put steam engine on wheels; use in railroads

Front 45

George Stephenson

Back 45

invented the modern railroad (tracks, etc_

Front 46

New Industrial Organizations

Back 46

A)Time & Clock discipline
B)Evangelical Churches (Protestant taught work ethic)
C)Steam Engine moved factories to cities.
D)Guilds lost power over production.
E)Industrial Middle Class
1)Entrepreneurs=collect the mone for selling stock & loans
F)Industrial Working class
1)Unions=was formed; people who mad working conditions better.