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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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studied noise cancellation
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percy chapman
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require matter to travel
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medium
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highest point on a wave
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crest
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lowest point on a wave
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trough
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causes medium to vibrate at right angles to the direction the wave travels
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transverse
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areas that are close together
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compression
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wave's energy moves left to right and is spread out
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rarefaction
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p waves
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primary waves
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wave that travels along a surface separating two media
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surface
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perpindicular to the direction in which the wave travels
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surface
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breaking crust vibrates creating SE, carry energy outward
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seismic waves
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forces in earth's crust can cause
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regions of the crust to shift bend or break
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combination of compressional and transerse waves
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travel through earth and along its surface
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objects on earth's surface absorb some energy from seismic waves....
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causing them to move and shake
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both seismic and transvese waves travel through a medium w/o
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transferring matter
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distance b/w a point on one wave and the same point on the next crest
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wavelength
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measured in m, km, cm
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wavelength
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maximum displacement of the medium from its resting position
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amplitude
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number of complete cycles in a given time
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frequency
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measured in hertz (Hz)
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frequency
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time required for one cycle to complete motion that returns to its starting point
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period
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1/frequency
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period
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any motion that repeats at regular time intervals
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periodic motion
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a wave's frequency equals
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the frequency of the vibrating source producing the wave
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formula for wave speed
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v= wavelength times frequency
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increasing the frequency of a wave
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decreases its wavelength
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the more energy a wave has
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the greater its amplitude
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if you assume that waves are traveling at a constant speed then
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wavelengthis inversely proportional to frequency
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when a wave bounces off a surface that it cannot pass through
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reflection
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reflection does not change the speed or frequency of a wave but
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a wave can be flipped upside down
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how the wave is traveling
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ray
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line perpindicular to the barrier
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normal
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law of reflection
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angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection
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bending of a wave due to a chnage in its speed
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refraction
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refraction waves have the same frequency but
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different speeds/wavelengths
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when a wave enters a meduam at an angle
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refraction occurs b/c one side of the wave moves more slowly than the other side
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bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening
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deffraction
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the amount of deffraction depends on
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wavelength and size of the obstacle
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two or more waves overlap nad combine together
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interference
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distance is added to the displacement of the other wave
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displacement
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combine to form a wave to form a larger displacement
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constructive interference
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forms only if half a wavelength (multiple)
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standing wave
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where the wave comes together on hte resting position
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node
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all of the crests and troughs
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antinode
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frequency of a standing wave can be multiplied
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to equal a standing wave
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compressions and rarefractions that travel through a medium
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longitudinal
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many behaviors of sound can be explained by using a few properties-
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speed, intensity and loudness, frequency and pitch
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sound waves travel fastest in
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solids
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sound waves travel slowest in
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gases
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depends on
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density of medium and elasticity
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rate at which a wave's energy flows through a given area
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intensity
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vibration that gives energy to the medium
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sound
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determined by temperature, elasticity& density of the medium
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speed of sound
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physical response to the intensity of sound, modified by physical factors
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loudness
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depends on the health of your ears and brain's interpretation of sound waves
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loudness
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depends on how fast the source of the sound vibrates
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frequency
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broke the sound barrier
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chuck yager
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wave's amplitude and distance from source
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intensity
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every 10 dB the intensity increase
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10 folds
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if the sound intensity is greater than 120 dB.....
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it causes pain
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how high or low a note is
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pitch
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frequency is as how you perceive it, depends on health of your ears/ age
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pitch
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frequency is
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a characteristic of sound
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hertz our ears respond to
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20 to 20000
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dogs Hz
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35000
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cat Hz
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65000
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porpoise Hz
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150000
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higher frequencies than 20000Hz
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ultrasonic
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SONAR
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SOund NAvigation and Ranging
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below 20 Hz
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infrasonic
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change in sound frequency caused by the motion of sound source, motion of listener, or both
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doppler effect
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as a source of sound approaches
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an observer hearsa higher frequency
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when the sound source moves away
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the observer hears a lower frequency
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the outer ear.....
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focuses and gathers sound
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the middle ear.....
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receives and amplifies the vibrations
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inner ear
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uses nerve endings to sense vibrations and send signals to the brain
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ear canal where sound waves strike the eardrums
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outer ear
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a tightly strechted membrane b/w the outer and middle ear
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eardrum
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contains the hammer, anvil and stirrup. the eardrum vibrates and strikes the anvil which moves the stirrup back and forth
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middle ear
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contains the cochlea,the inside has nerves
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inner ear
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sound is recorded by
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converting sound waves into electronic waves into electronic signals that can be reproduced and stored
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sound is reproduced by
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converting electronic signals back to sound waves
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most musical instruments vary pitch by
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changing the frequency of standing waves
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the response of a standing wave to another wave of the same frequency
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resonance
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a wave entering a new medium at a right angle will undergo____as one end of the wace changes speed
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refraction
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a cat can hear frequencies up to
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65,000 Hz
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The___is a line drawn perpindicular to the barrier in a reflective wave
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normal
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instead of crests and troughs, as in an ocean wave,a longitudinal wave has ___ and ___-
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compressions and rarefractions
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