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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Front (Term) Population genetics |
Focuses on the gene pools of local populations |
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Gene pool |
One local population |
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Population |
A particular group of people or animals living in an area or country |
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Evolution |
Any process of development or growth |
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Polymorphic |
When two or more alleles of a gene for a trait are present in a gene pool |
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Genetic variation |
Differences in genes |
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Mutations |
a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome. |
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Genetic recombination |
Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. |
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Hardy-Weinberg model |
An idealized math model of gene pools |
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p |
Frequency of dominant allele in the gene pool |
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q |
Frequency of the recessive allele in the gene pool |
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P2 |
homozygous dominant |
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2pq |
Heterozygous |
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q2 |
Homozygous recessive |
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Micro evolution |
evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period. |
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Natural selection |
Can cause populations to change over time |
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Gene flow |
Transfer of genes from one population to another |
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Genetic drift |
variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce. |
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Founder effect |
the reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors. |
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Inbreeding |
breed from closely related people or animals, especially over many generations. |
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Population bottleneck |
A population bottleneck is an event that drastically reduces the size of a population. The bottleneck may be caused by various events, such as an environmental disaster, the hunting of a species to the point of extinction, or habitat destruction that results in the deaths of organisms. |
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Inbreeding depression |
Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding - ie., breeding of related individuals. Population biological fitness refers to its ability to survive and reproduce itself. |
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Quantitative traits |
Quantitative traits refer to phenotypes (characteristics) that vary in degree and can be attributed to polygenic effects, i.e., product of two or more genes, and their environment. |
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Quantitative trait loci |
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are stretches of DNA linked to, or containing, the genes that underlie a quantitative trait. Mapping regions of the genome that contain genes involved in specifying a quantitative trait is done using molecular tags such as AFLP or, more commonly, SNPs. |
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Artificial selection |
artificial selection definition. The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits. Organisms with the desired traits, such as size or taste, are artificially mated or cross-pollinated with organisms with similar desired traits. |
