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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the border states that allowed slavery?
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Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Deleware
(Remained in the Union) |
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What is a blockade?
What was it used for? |
A close
1. To prevent supplies from reaching the south 2. To prevent the South from earning money by exporting cotton |
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What is an offensive?
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Went on the attack
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What were the confederate soldiers called?
Who did they represent? |
Rebels
South |
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What were the Union soliders called? Who did they represent?
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Yankees
North |
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When had 7 states left the Union? What states were they?
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February 1861
South Carolina, Texas, Louisianna, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia |
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4 more states left the Union by April, what states where they?
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Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas
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What was the capital of the Confederacy?
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Richmond, Virginia
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What was the capital of the Union?
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Washington D.C.
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How far was Richmond from D.C.
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Approx. 100 miles
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What were the Norths advantages?
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Larger population
More industry/resources/ships Better bank system Larger rail system Lincoln's dedication & intelligence |
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What were the Norths disadvantages?
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-To bring the southern states back to the Union they would have to invade and hold the South
-Many believed the South had a good change of wining |
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What were the Souths advantages?
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Strong support for war from white population
Troops fighting on their own land Superior military leadership (ex. General Robert E. Lee) |
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What were the Souths disadvantages?
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Smaller population
Fewer factories/resources Belief in states rights that limited strong central gov. power |
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What were the Norths war goals?
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A first: wanted to bring southern states back into the Union
Later: Wanted to end slavery |
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What was the Union 3 part plan?
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1. Blockade southern ports to prevent export
2. Gain control of the Mississippi River 3. Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital |
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What was the Souths war goal?
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Win recognition as an independant nation so they could preserve their traditional way of life including slavery
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What was the Unions 3 part plan?
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1. Hold on to as much territory as possible until the north got tired of fighting
2. Having Britain and France pressure the North to end the war 3. Sometimes going on the attack by moving north to threaten Washington D.C. and other northern cities |
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What was a difficult aspect to the Civil War
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Americans were fighting other Americans
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In Feb. 1861 how many soldiers were there in each army?
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Confederate: 112,000
Union: 187,000 |
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At the end of the war how many soldiers had fought on each side?
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Confederate: 850,000
Union: 2.1 million |
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How many African Americans fought for the Union?
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200,000
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What was the single bloodiest day of the war?
How many died? How many wounded? |
Battle at Antietam (September 17)
Dead: 6,000 Wounded: 17,000 |
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Who withdrew at Antietam?
Who claimed victory at Antietam? |
General Lee & the Confederates
The Union |
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Why was General McClellan replaced after the battle of Antietam?
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Because he did not pursue Lee after the battle
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What did Lincoln use the battle of Atietam for?
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To take action against slavery
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Whats a blockade runner?
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Confederate ship that could sail in and out of southern ports
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Whats an iron clad?
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((An armored naval vessel))
Originally called the merrimack (an abandoned union ship) it was a wooden ship that the confederates rebuilt in iron plates and renamed the Virginia |
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What are casualties?
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People killed or wounded
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What does emancipate mean?
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To free all enslaved African Americans in the south
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What does ratify mean?
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To approve
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What does the right of habeas corpus mean?
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Guarantees accused individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed
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What is a draft?
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Law that required men between the ages of 18 and 35 to serve in the army for 3 years
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What are bounties?
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Payments to encourage volunteers
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What are greenbacks?
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Northern money (called "green"backs because of its color)
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What is inflation?
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A general increase in prices
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What does entrench mean?
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Set up in a strong position
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What does total war mean?
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War on all aspects of the enemies life
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On January 1, 1863 what did Lincoln sign?
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The Emancipation Proclimation
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What did the Emancipation Proclimation declare?
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All slaves in the Confederacy were free
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What percent of war volunteers were African American?
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10%
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How many African Americans served and died defending the Union?
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Served: 200,000
Died: 37,000 |
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What was one of the most famous African American regiments?
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54th Massachusetts
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What was the life of a soldier like?
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Not easy: Boredom, bad food, discomfort, sickness, fear, horror
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What happened in July of 1863
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Lee decided to take the North and invade Washington D.C.
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How many days was the Battle of Gettysburg?
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3 days
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What was Picketts Charge?
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A poorly planned, all out attack by the Confederates (took place on an open hill)
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How many of Picketts (Confederate) men died?
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About 7,000
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What did Lee do after Picketts Charge?
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Retreated
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Who one the battle in Vicksburg and gained control of the Mississippi River?
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The Union
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When did Lincoln give his famous (2 minute) speech?
What was this speech called? What did it dedicate? |
November 19, 1863
The Gettysburg Address The cemetary at Gettysburg |
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What did Lincoln do after victories in the west?
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He named Ulyssys S. Grant commander of all the Union armies
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What did William Sherman and his army plan to do?
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Planned to go to Georgia and crush the Confederates in the deep south
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What were the 3 battles called where Grant and Lee's armies met in Richmond?
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Battle of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Courthouse, Cold Harbor
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What happened each time Grant resumed to attack at the Battles in Richmond?
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They held firm, but had heavy losses
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Why were no slaves free after Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclimation?
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Because it only applied to areas that the Confederacy controlled
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Who said "We shout for joy that we live to record this righteous decree" ?
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Fredrick Douglass
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What did the Thirteenth Amendment do?
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Truely freed African Americans
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What did the African American soldiers do to win respect?
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(July 18, 1863) Attacked the Confederates near Charleston South Carolina. They battled under heavy fire, and were driven back. Half of the 54th were wounded, captured, or killed. Awarded for bravery.
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How many Union and Confederate soldiers ran away because of fear hunger or sickness?
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Union: 1 of every 11
Confederate: 1 of every 8 |
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What was one of the main reasons Lee's army invaded Maryland in 1962?
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So the army could feed of the crops
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What did women do during the war?
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Became teachers, office workers, sales clerks, government workers, spies, worked in factories, and managed farms
(Suffered the loss of husbands, fathers, sons, and brothers) |
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Who was Rose O'Neal Greenhow?
What happened to her? |
Confederate spy
Entertained Union leaders in Washington D.C., and picked up info about their plans. She was caught, convicted of treason, and exiled |
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Who was Belle Boyde?
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Informed Confederate Generals of Union army movements in the Shenandoah Valley.
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Who was Loretta Janeta Velazquez?
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Fought for the South at the 1st Battle at Bull Run and at Shiloh
Later became a Confederate Spy |
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Why did many men disagree with women being nurses?
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Thought they were too delicate for such work
Felt it was imroper for women to tend the bodies of unknown men |
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Who was Dorthea Dix?
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(From the North)
Organized large numbers of women to serve as military nurses |
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Who was Clara Barton?
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(From the North)
Famous for her work with Union soldiers |
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Who was Sally Tompkins?
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(From the South)
Established a hospital for soldiers in Richmond, Virginia |
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During what years was the Civil War fought?
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1861-1865
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Who was the president of the United States?
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Abraham Lincoln
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Who was the president of the Confederate States?
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Jefferson Davis
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What is inflation?
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The general increase in prices
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What was the outcome of the Batte of Gettysburg?
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The confederates retreated (lost about 1/2 their soldiers)
Union won |
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In what ways did African Americans contribute to the war effort? (Confederacy)
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Made up bulk of work force
Labored on plantations and in mines Military nurses and cooks |
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In what ways did African Americans contribute to the war effort? (Union)
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Guides and spies in the navy
Soliders in the army (2nd year of war) |
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How did the Civil War hurt the souths economy?
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Farmland overrun
Railroads torn up Shortage of essential goods Scarcety of goods High inflation |
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Where did Lee surrender to Lee?
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Appomattox Court House in Virginia
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What were the terms of surrender that Grant offered to Lee?
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Had to lay down arms, but were free to go home
Allowed to keep horses so they could farm Ordered 3 days of food to be sent to Lee's hungry troops |
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Who were the copperheads?
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Peace democrats
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How did they finance the war?
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Borrowed money by selling war bonds
Raising taxes Printing paper money |
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How did the North prosper?
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Farmers prospered
Factory production grew |
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Why did Lincoln believe the copperheads were a threat to the Union war effort?
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Becuase they were suspected of aiding the confederates
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What was Robert E. Lee's army called?
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Army of northern Virginia
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Why was success at Vicksburg so important to the Union?
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They could gain control of the Mississippi River --cutting off the Souths food supply
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What is the Anakonda Plan?
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Invade and devide the south
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