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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
antbiotic |
natural or synthetic substance that destroys microorganisms or inhibits their growth |
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antimicrobial |
agent that destroys or prevents the development of microorganisms |
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antiseptic |
Cleansed or free of microorganisms, Disinfectants liberate oxygen when in contact with pus or organic substances. Alcohols, chlorhexidine, iodine |
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asepsis |
practice of making free of viable microorganisms |
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aseptic |
free of viable microorganisms |
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bacteria |
one-celled organism without a true nucleus or cell organelles, can reproduce independently but may need a host to provide food and a favorable environment |
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contaminated |
to be made unclean |
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debris |
remains of broken-down or damaged cells or tissue |
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disinfectants |
solutions containing chemical compounds that kill nearly all microorganisms |
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fungi |
single cells, as in yeast, or as multicellular filamentous colonies, Most are not pathogenic, and the body's normal flora contains many |
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helminths |
wormlike animal |
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immune response |
body's reaction to foreign antigens so that they are neutralized or eliminated, thus preventing the diseases or injuries these antigens might cause |
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interferon |
produced by leukocytes and fibroblasts in response to invasion by a pathogen, particularly a virus. enable invaded cells to produce complex surface antigens, increasing their ability to be recognized and killed by T lymp. inhibit virus production within infected cells....used to treat multiple sclerosis. |
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medical asepsis |
reducing the # of microorganisms present or reducing risk of infection...clean technique |
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microorganism |
living organism too small to be perceived with the naked eye, esp. a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or intracellular parasite, and some helminths |
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pathogens |
microorganism capable of producing a disease |
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personal protective equipment or PPE |
protective equipment used to protect the worker |
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prions |
small proteinaceous infectious particle that is believed to be responsible for central nervous system diseases ..protein particles that lack nucleic acids |
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protoza |
1 celled microorganisms belong to animal kingdom... cause dysentery and diarrhea |
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rickettsia |
small round or rod shaped microorganisms.. transmitted by bites of lice ticks fleas mites..rocky mountain spotted fever..... typhus |
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standard precautions |
to reduce or eliminate the hazards of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, an employer must implement an exposure control plan for the worksite with details on employee protection measures |
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sterile |
Free from living microorganisms, i.e., of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, spores, viruses, and other living organisms. |
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sterilization |
Complete removal or destruction of microorganisms in an object |
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surgical asepsis |
maintenance of strict disinfection procedures and infection control practices during an operation |
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viruses |
pathogen composed of nucleic acid within a protein shell, which can grow and reproduce only after infecting a host cell |
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aerobic |
needs oxygen to live and grow |
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anaerobic |
live and grow only in absence or oxygen |
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bactericidal |
able to kill bacteria |
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community associated infection |
infection was present before pt. came to hospital |
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cross-contamination |
transmission of infectious microorganisms from one person or object to another |
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culture (bio) |
propagation of living organisms or tissue in special media conducive to thier growth |
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disinfectant |
reduces # of viable microorganisms |
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endotoxin |
heat stable toxin associated with outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released when the cells are disrupted |
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exotoxin |
unstable highly toxic by product of select microorganisms that can be found in gram +and - beacteria |
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exudate |
fluid in or on the tissues surfaces that has escaped from blood vessels in response to inflammation and contains protein and cellular debris |
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gram negative |
bacteria that lose the stain in grams method of staining |
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gram positive |
bacteria that keep the stain in grams method of staining |
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host |
animal or plant that harbors and provides sustenance for another microorganism (parasite) |
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infection |
invasion and multiplication in body tissues of microorganisms that cause cellular injury |
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inflammation |
localized response caused by injury or destruction of tissues that serves to contain the injurious agent and injured tissue |
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lekocytosis |
increase in the # of leukocytes in the blood resulting from infection or other causes |
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three principal forms of bacteria |
cocci -round bacilli -round spirochetes- spiral |
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Types of microorganisms that can cause infection in humans. |
bacteria prions viruses protozoa fungi rickettsia helminiths
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Links in the infection chain
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causative agent |
capable of causing disease .. viruses, fungi |
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reservoir |
places microorganisms found-- infected wounds, waste |
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portal of exit |
route of body pathogen leaves... gastrointestinal in feces... respiratory tract |
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mode of transfer |
how the pathogen moves... sneezing coughing, or vectors |
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portal of entry |
how pathogen enters body... mucus membranes, consuming contaminated food or water |
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susceptible host |
compromised host... broken skin, age, poor health or nutrition |
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What makes the elderly more susceptible to infection |
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body's protective mechanisms to prevent infection (1st line) |
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body's protective mechanisms to prevent infection (2nd line) |
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body's protective mechanisms to prevent infection (3rd line) |
Immune response |
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Inflammatory response |
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Immune response |
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Medical vs. surgical asepsis (patient) |
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Medical vs. surgical asepsis (reservoir) |
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Medical vs. surgical asepsis (equipment and supplies) |
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Medical vs. surgical asepsis (nurse attire) |
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Medical vs. surgical asepsis (goals) |
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How to clean objects |
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