Ch. 16 Health Promotion

Front 1

closed system

Back 1

(1 of 2 general types of systems) This one does not exchange energy, matter, or information with its environment; it receives no input from the environment and gives no output to the environment (ex: chemical reaction taking place in test tube).

Front 2

Disease prevention

Back 2

"behavior-motivated by desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness".

Front 3

equilibrium

Back 3

Cannon viewed the human being as separate from external environment and constantly endeavoring to maintain _' or balance, through adaptation to that environment .

Front 4

feedback

Back 4

is the mechanism by which some of the output of a system is returned to the system as input. _' enables a system to regulate itself by redirecting the output back into the system, thus forming a _' loop.

Front 5

health promotion

Back 5

"behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential". Not disease oriented. Motivated by personal positive "approach" to wellness. (ex: seeks to expand positive)

Front 6

health protection

Back 6

"behavior-motivated by desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness". Illness or injury specific motivated by "avoidance" of illness. (ex: seeks to stop the potential for health occurrences of insults to health and well-being.

Front 7

holism

Back 7

emphasizes that nurses keep the whole person in mind and strive to understand how one area of concern relates to the whole person.

Front 8

homeostasis

Back 8

Was first introduced by Cannon to describe the relative constancy of the internal processes of the body such as blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, blood pressure, body temperature, blood glucose, and fluid and electrolyte balance. A condition that might vary but remained relatively constant, according to Cannon.

Front 9

input

Back 9

consists of information, material, or energy that enters the system.

Front 10

negative feedback

Back 10

inhibits change (i.e., an increase in the production of parathyroid hormone is stimulated by a drop in blood calcium, but when additional parathyroid hormone raises the level of blood calcium, the hormone's production is then inhibited.

Front 11

open system

Back 11

(1 of 2 general types of systems) energy, matter, and information move into and out of the system through the system's boundary. All living systems, such as plants, animals, people, families, and communities are this system.

Front 12

output

Back 12

_' from a system is energy, matter, or information given out by the system as a result of its processes. From the digestive system, it includes: caloric energy, nutrients, urine, and feces.

Front 13

positive feedback

Back 13

stimulates change.

Front 14

primary prevention

Back 14

focuses on (a) health promotion and (b) protection against specific health problems (e.g., immunization against hepatitis B). The purpose of the _' is to decrease the risk of exposure of the individual or community disease. (ex: risk assessment for disease, health education about injury and poisoning prevention)

Front 15

psychological homeostasis

Back 15

refers to emotional or psychological balance or a state of mental well-being. It is maintained by a variety of mechanisms. Each person has a certain psychological need: love, security, self-esteem, which must be maintained. when one or more of these needs are not met,"", certain coping mechanisms are activated to protect the person and provide _'

Front 16

Secondary prevention

Back 16

focuses on (a) early identification of health problems and (b) prompt intervention to alleviate health problems. Its goal is to identify individuals in an early stage of a disease process and to limit future disability. (ex: screening surveys, teaching self-exam for breast)

Front 17

Self-regulation

Back 17

means that homeostatic mechanisms come into play automatically in the healthy person. however, if a person is ill, or if an organ such as a lung is injured, the homeostatic mechanisms may not be able to respond to the stimulus as they would normally.

Front 18

Tertiary prevention

Back 18

focuses on restoration and rehabilitation with the goal of returning the individual to an optimal level of functioning. (ex: referring a client who has a colostomy to a support group, teaching a client who has diabetes to identify and prevent complications)

Front 19

Throughput

Back 19

After the input is absorbed by the system, it is processed in a way useful to the system. This transformation is called _'

Front 20

Wellness diagnoses

Back 20

Provides a clear focus for planning interventions without indicating that a problem exists. Describes human responses to levels of wellness in an individual, family, or community that have a "readiness for enhancement". It can be applied at all levels of prevention but are particularly useful for healthy clients who require teaching for health promotion, disease prevention, and personal growth.