Ch. 16 Endocrine System

Front 1

pituitary gland/ hypophysis cerebi

Back 1

approx. the size of a pea and located at the base of the brain; master gland- produces hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands

Front 2

anterior lobe/ adenohypophysis

Back 2

produces and secetes: GH, ACTH, TSH, gonadotopic hormones, FSH, LH, PRL

Front 3

growth hormone (GH)

Back 3

regulates the growth of the body

Front 4

adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 4

stimulates the adrenal cortex

Front 5

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Back 5

stimulates the thyroid gland

Front 6

gonadotropic hormones

Back 6

affect the male and female reproductive systems

Front 7

follicle-stimulating (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back 7

regulate deve, growth, and function of ovaries and testes

Front 8

prolactin or lactogenic hormone (PRL)

Back 8

promotes deve. of glandular tissue during pregnnacy and produces milk after birth of an infant

Front 9

posterior lobe/ nuerohypophysis

Back 9

stores and releases antidiurectic hormone and oxytocin

Front 10

ADH

Back 10

stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water

Front 11

oxytocin

Back 11

stimulates uterine contractions during labor and postpartum

Front 12

hypothalamus

Back 12

located near the pituitary gland in the brain; secretes "releasing" hormone that functions to stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary gland hormones

Front 13

thyroid gland

Back 13

lrgest endocrine gland; secretes hormones T3, T4, which require iodine for production; Thyroxine is necessay for body cell metabolism; located in the neck below the larynx

Front 14

parathyroid glands

Back 14

four small bodies lying directly behind the thyroid; produces PTH which helps maintain the level of Ca in the blood

Front 15

islets of Langerhans

Back 15

clusters of endocrine tissue found thruout the pancreas, made up of diff. cell types that secrete various hormones, incl. insulin and glucagon; non-endocrine cells help w/ digestion

Front 16

adrenal glands

Back 16

paired glands, located above ea. kidney; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, EP, NEP

Front 17

cortisol

Back 17

secreted the adrenal cortex; aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels to provide energy

Front 18

aldosterone

Back 18

secreted by adrenal cortex; electroytes that are necessary for normal body function are regulated

Front 19

epinephrine (adrenaline); norepinephrine

Back 19

secreted by adrenal medulla; these help the body to deal w/ stress by increasing the blood pressure, heart beat, and respirations

Front 20

acromegaly/ adenomegaly/ adrenomegaly

Back 20

enlargment of th extremities caused by excessive production of the GH after puberty/ gland/ adrenal glands/

Front 21

adenitis/ adrenalitis/ thyroiditis

Back 21

inflammation of a gland/ adrenal glands/ thyroid gland

Front 22

adenosis

Back 22

abnormal condition of a gland

Front 23

hypercalcemia/ hyperglycemia/ hyperkalemia

Back 23

excessive clalcium/ sugar/ potassium in the blood

Front 24

hyperpituitarism/ hyperthyroidism

Back 24

state of excessive pituitary/ thyroid gland activity

Front 25

hypocalcemia/ hypoglycemia/ hypokalemia/ hyponatremia

Back 25

deficient calcium/ sugar/ potassium/ salt in the blood

Front 26

hypopituitarism/ hypothyroidism

Back 26

state of deficient pituitary/ thyroid gland activity

Front 27

panhypopituitarism

Back 27

state of total deficient pituitary gland activity

Front 28

parathyroidoma

Back 28

tumor of a parathyroid gland

Front 29

acidosis

Back 29

condition brought about by an abnormal accumulation of acid products of metabolism

Front 30

Addison d

Back 30

chronic syndrome resulting from deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex; symptoms: weakness, darkening of skin, loss of appetite, depression

Front 31

cretinism

Back 31

condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy (wasting away) of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroisim; chara by puffy features, mental def., lrg tongue, and dwarfism

Front 32

Cushing syndrome

Back 32

grp of symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices; symptoms: abnormally pigmented skin, moon face, pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, buffalo hump, and wasting of muscle

Front 33

diabetes insipidus

Back 33

result of decreased secretion of ADH by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; symptoms: excessive thirst, lrg amts of urine & Na excretion

Front 34

diabetes mellitus

Back 34

chronic d. involving a disorder of carb metabolism caused by under activity of islets of Langerhans; chara by elevated blood sugar

Front 35

gigantism

Back 35

condition brought about by overproduction of GH by the pituitary gland before puberty

Front 36

goiter

Back 36

enlargemnt of the thyroid gland

Front 37

Graves d

Back 37

disorder of the thyroid gland char. by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos

Front 38

ketosis

Back 38

condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies resulting from excessive fat metabolism

Front 39

myxedema

Back 39

condition resulting from a deficiency of the thyroid hormon thyroxine; severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult; symptoms: puffiness of hands and face, coarse and thick skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, and anemia

Front 40

pheochromocytoma

Back 40

tumor of the adrenal medulla; chara by hypertension, headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, chest pain, and abnormal pain; surgical removal is the most common tmt

Front 41

tetany

Back 41

condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amt of Ca in the blood caused by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone

Front 42

thryotoxicosis

Back 42

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

Front 43

adenectomy/ adrenalectomy/ parathyroidectomy/ thyroidectomy/ thyroparathyroidectomy

Back 43

excision of a gland/ adrenal glands/ thyrthyroidotomyoid gland/ thyroid and parathyroid glands

Front 44

thyroidotomy

Back 44

incision of the thyroid gland

Front 45

radioactive iodine uptake

Back 45

nuclear medicine scan that measures thyroid function; radioactive iodine is given to the patient orally, after which uptake into the thyroid is measured

Front 46

thyroid scan

Back 46

nuclear medicine test that shows size, shape, and function of the thyroid gland' patient is given a radioactive substance to visualize the thyroid; image is recorded as scanner is passed over neck area; used to detect tumor and nodules

Front 47

fasting blood sugar

Back 47

blood test performed after a patient has fasted for 8-10 hrs. to determine the amt of glucose in the blood

Front 48

glycosylated hemoglobin

Back 48

blood test that measures the average blood sugar concentration over the life span of the red blood cells; results indictae patients blood sugar average for the 6-8 wks before the test

Front 49

thyroid-stimulating hormone test

Back 49

blood test that measures the amt of TSH in the blood; used to diagnose hyperthyroidism and to monitor patients on thyroid replacement therapy

Front 50

thyroxine level (T$)

Back 50

blood study that gives the direct measurement of the amt of thyroxine in the blood; indicates hyper- or -hypothyroidism

Front 51

adrenocorticohyperplasia

Back 51

excessive deve. of the adrenal cortex

Front 52

adrenopathy

Back 52

d. of the adrenal gland

Front 53

cortical

Back 53

pertaining to the cortex

Front 54

corticoid

Back 54

resembling the cortex

Front 55

endocrinopathy

Back 55

any d. of the endocrine system

Front 56

euglycemia

Back 56

normal level of sugar in the blood

Front 57

euthyroid

Back 57

resembling a normal thyroid gland

Front 58

polydipsia

Back 58

abnormal state of much thirst

Front 59

syndrome

Back 59

set of symptoms that occur together

Front 60

exophthalmos

Back 60

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

Front 61

hormone

Back 61

chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried in the blood to a target tissue

Front 62

isthmus

Back 62

narrow strip of tissue connecting two large parts in the body

Front 63

metabolism

Back 63

sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in an organism