Ch. 16 Anatomy

Front 1

Endocrine glands may be made up of

Back 1

glandular epithelium, neurosecretory tissue, ducts to collect interstial fluid

Front 2

In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are

Back 2

slow to appear, but long lasting

Front 3

functions of the neuroendocrine system are

Back 3

communication, integration, and control

Front 4

Characteristics of the endocrine system

Back 4

effector tissues include virtually all tissues, characteristics of regulatory effects are slow to appear and long lasting, receptors are located on the plasma membrane or within the effector cell

Front 5

which endocrine gland is located in the neck?

Back 5

thyroid

Front 6

tropic hormones

Back 6

target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion

Front 7

Non-Steroid Hormones

Back 7

oxytocin, calcitonin, glucagon

Front 8

the substance that acts as a second messenger at the cellular level is

Back 8

cyclic AMP

Front 9

hormones may be

Back 9

steroids, peptides, glycoproteins

Front 10

steroids are able to pass easily through a target cell's plasma membrane because they are

Back 10

lipid-soluble

Front 11

when a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called

Back 11

permissiveness

Front 12

which of the following non-steroid hormones bind to receptors associated with a DNA molecule within the nucleus of the target cell

Back 12

throzine, trrodothronine

Front 13

the compound that is referred to as a tissue hormone

Back 13

prostoglandin

Front 14

statements

Back 14

there are at least 16 different prostoglandins, the first prostaglandin was identified in semen, PGFs have been used to induce labor and accelerate the delivery of a baby, aspirin produces some its effect by inhibit PGE synthesis

Front 15

the structure referred to historically as the master gland is

Back 15

pituitary

Front 16

the type of prostaglandin that plays a role in the development of fever

Back 16

PGE

Front 17

Hormones Secreted by basophil

Back 17

luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormon, thyroid stimulating hormone

Front 18

acidophil

Back 18

prolactin

Front 19

the hormone most likely to casue a shift from glucose catabolism to fat catabolism is

Back 19

somatropin

Front 20

the production of thyroid is stimulated by another hormon from the

Back 20

parathyroid gland

Front 21

growth of the ovarian follicle occurs because of

Back 21

LH

Front 22

Prolactin affects

Back 22

milk secretion

Front 23

the principal action of throtropin-releaseing hormone is stimulating the

Back 23

release of TSH

Front 24

the vascular link between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis is called the

Back 24

hypophyseal portal system

Front 25

which hormones are produced by the hypothalamus to control the adenohypophysis?

Back 25

releasing hormones

Front 26

the neurohypophysis serves as a storage and release site for

Back 26

antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

Front 27

the principal throid hormone is

Back 27

triiodothyronine (T3)

Front 28

Calcitonin

Back 28

has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone

Front 29

parathroid hormone increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating

Back 29

Vitamin D

Front 30

which of the following depends on maintaining normal levels of calcium in the blood

Back 30

blood clotting, cell membrane, neuromuscular excitability

Front 31

The hormone that causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts is

Back 31

oxytocin

Front 32

an abnormally high metabolic rate could be associated with the functioning of the

Back 32

parathyroid gland

Front 33

the first step in the renin-angiotensin mechanism

Back 33

the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes renin into the blood in response to a fall in the blood pressure within the kidney

Front 34

glucocorticoids

Back 34

stress cases their release, they stimulate the gluconeogenesis, they are hyperglycemic

Front 35

the mineralocoritcoids of the adrenal cortex regulate or influence

Back 35

sodium, potassium, and hydrogen balance

Front 36

secretion of __________ is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin mechanism and blood potassium concentration

Back 36

aldosterone

Front 37

the adrenal medulla secretes

Back 37

epinephrine

Front 38

the gland that serves in both an exocrine and an endocrine capacity is the

Back 38

pancreas

Front 39

which of the following is a function of glucagon

Back 39

promotes the entry of glucose into tissue cells

Front 40

insulin

Back 40

tends to lower blood concentrations of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, promotes metabolism of glucose by tissue cells, is produced by beta cells

Front 41

hormones produced by the pancreatic islets affect the body's use of

Back 41

glucose

Front 42

the major hormone produced by the corpus luteum

Back 42

progesterone

Front 43

human chorionic gonadotropin is produced by the

Back 43

placenta

Front 44

thymosin is a hormone that plays a role in

Back 44

immunity

Front 45

the many hormones secreted by endocrine tissues can be classified simply as

Back 45

steroid or nonsteroid hormones

Front 46

steroid hormones

Back 46

they are lipid-soluble, they are derived from a fatty acid molecule, they can pass through the cell membrane

Front 47

description of hormone interaction explained in the text

Back 47

antagonism, synergism, permissiveness

Front 48

the immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is

Back 48

formation of cAMP

Front 49

one of the later effects of steroid hormones on the cell could be the

Back 49

transcription of RNA

Front 50

second messenger for nonsteroid hormones

Back 50

inositol triphosphate, guanosine monophosphate, calcium-calmodulin complex

Front 51

which of the following is true of T4

Back 51

it binds more efficiently to target cell receptors than does T3

Front 52

functional classification of hormones

Back 52

anabolic

Front 53

the common molecule from which all steroid hormones are derived is

Back 53

cholesterol

Front 54

souces of nonsteroid hormones

Back 54

protein, protein joined with a carbohydrate, indicidual amino acids

Front 55

when a hormon attaches to a target cell which of the following can occur

Back 55

it can inititiate protein synthesis, it can open or close ion channels, it can activate certain enzymes in the cell

Front 56

the term down-regulation referes to the

Back 56

reduction of the number of hormone receptors in a cell

Front 57

synergism in hormone activity can be defined as

Back 57

two hormones working together to enhance each other's impact on a target cell

Front 58

hormones that regulate activity in the secreting cell itself are called

Back 58

prostaglandins

Front 59

parts of the pituitary gland

Back 59

infundibulum, adenohypophysis, neurhypophysis

Front 60

type of cells that secrete ACTH

Back 60

corticotrophs

Front 61

high levels of ADH would be found in someone who has

Back 61

been working in high temperatures and is dehydrated

Front 62

few hormones that work on a positive feedback loop is

Back 62

oxytocin

Front 63

release of PTH in the body would case an

Back 63

increase in blood calcium

Front 64

mineralocorticoids are released from whcih part of the adrenal gland?

Back 64

zona glomerulosa

Front 65

high levels of hCG in the body would indicate

Back 65

a pregnancy was developing