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51 Cards in this Set
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Renin |
Enzyme released by the kidneys that raises blood pressure by initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. |
Released by kidneys |
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Hormone |
Chemical messenger secreted into the extracellular fluid |
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How do hormones travel |
Via bloodstream |
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What do hormones do |
Regulate metabolic function |
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Hormonal effects |
*Reproduction *Growth n development *Maintenance of electrolytes, water,& nutrient balance of blood *Regulation of cellular metabolism & energy balance *mobilization of body defence |
5 things |
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Endocrinology |
Scientific study of hormones & endocrine organs |
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Endocrine glands |
Ductless Produce hormones Release hormones into surrounding tissue fluid Richly vascular Arranged in cords & branching networks |
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Colloid |
A mixture in which the solute particles do not settle out readily. Substance in thyroid gland containing thyroglobulin protein |
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Diabetes insipidus |
Diease characterized by passage of a large quantity of dilute urine plus intense thirst and dehydration caused by inadequate release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Corticosteroids |
Steroid hormone released by the adrenal cortex |
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Gonad |
Primary reproductive organ |
Testes n ovaries |
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Thyroid gland |
One of the bodies largest endocrine glands, straddles the anterior trachea |
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Paracrine |
A chemical messenger that acts locally within the same tissue and is rapidly destroyed |
Prostaglandins and nitric oxide |
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Labor |
Collective term for the series of events that expel the fetus from the uterus |
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Neurohypophysis |
Posterior pituitary plus infundibulum; portion of the pituitary gland derived from the brain |
Part of Pituitary |
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Androgen |
Hormone, such as testosterone, that controls male secondary sex characteristics |
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Antidiuretic hormone |
Hormone produced by the hypothalamus n released by the posterior pituitary Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine volume |
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Prolactin PRL |
Adenohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the breasts to produce milk |
Breast milk |
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Diabetes mellitus DM |
Disease caused by deficient insulin release or by insulin resistance, leading to inability of the body cells to use carbohydrates |
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH |
Anterior pituitary hormone that regulates secretion of thyroid hormones |
Part of Pituitary |
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Growth Hormone GH |
Hormone that stimulates growth in general; produced in the anterior pituitary |
Also called somatotropin |
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Adenohypophysis |
Anterior pituitary; glandular part of the pituitary gland |
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Placenta |
Temporary organ forms from both fetal and maternal tissues that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus, carries away metabolic wastes,n produces the hormones of pregnancy |
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH |
Anterior pituitary hormone that influences the activity of the adrenal cortex |
Released by anterior pituitary |
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Gonadocorticoids |
Sex hormones. Primarily androgens, secreted by adrenal cortex |
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Thymus |
Lymphoid organ active in immune response; site of maturation of T lymphocytes |
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Leptin |
Hormone released by fat cells that signals satiety |
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Progesterone |
Hormone partly responsible for preparing the uterus for the fertilized ovum |
Pregnancy hormone |
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Gonadotropins |
Gonad-stimulating hormones produced by the anterior pituitary |
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Ketones |
Fatty acid metabolites; strong organic acids |
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Hyperglycemic |
Term used to describe hormones such as glucagon that elevate blood glucose levels |
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Mineralocorticoid |
Steroid hormone of the adrenal cortex that regulates Na+ and K+ metabolism and fluid balance |
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Adenylate cyclase |
Enzyme, usually activated by a G protein, that converts ATP to the second messenger cyclic AMP |
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Triiodothyronine T3 |
Thyroid hormone; secretion and function similar to those of thyroxine (T4) |
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Estrogens |
Hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics; female sex hormones |
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Anterior pituitary |
glandular part of the pituitary gland |
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Testosterone |
Male sex hormone produced by the testes; during puberty promotes virilization, and is necessary for normal sperm production |
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Insulin resistance |
State in which a greater than normal amount of insulin is required to maintain normal glucose blood levels |
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Ovulation |
Ejection of an immature egg from the ovary |
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Thyroxine (T4) |
Iodine-containing hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; accelerates cellular metabolic rate in most body tissues |
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Endocrine system |
Body system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones |
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Hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract |
Nerve bundles that run through the infundibulum and connect th posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus |
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Adrenal glands |
Hormone producing glands located superior to the kidneys; each consists of medulla and cortex areas |
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Thyroid hormone (TH) |
Major hormone secreted by thyroid follicles; stimulates enzymes concerned with glucose oxidation |
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Graves diease |
Disorder resulting from hyperactive thyroid gland |
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Pharmacological dose |
A drug dose that is dramatically higher than normal levels of that substance in the body |
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Tropic hormone (tropin) |
Hormone that regulates the secretory action of another endocrine organ |
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Erythropoietin EPO |
Hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells. |
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Cortisol (hydrocortisone |
Glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex |
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Myxedema |
Condition resulting from underactive thyroid gland |
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Posterior pituitary |
Neural part of Pituitary gland; part of the neurohypophysis |
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