Ch 16

Front 1

posture that deviates for normal alignment but no structural impairments

Back 1

Postural fault

Front 2

postural pain syndrome

Back 2

pain when person maintains a faulty posture for long periods of time. pain is relieved with activity. no impairments but if continues strength and flexibility imbalances may arise

Front 3

adaptive shortening of soft tissues and muscle weakness

Back 3

postural dysfunction

Front 4

stretch weakness

Back 4

muscles that are continually stretched get weaker

Front 5

muscles constantly in shortened positions lose their elasticity. These muscles test ______ in ______ positions and _________ in _____ positions.

Back 5

tight weakness

strong in shortened positions and weak in stretched positions

Front 6

if a force is applied to a tissue and maintained at the same level while the deformation produced by this force is measured, the deformation will gradually increase

Back 6

creep

Front 7

creep:

force remains ____ while ______ changes

Back 7

constant

legnth

Front 8

how does impaired postural support from trunk muscles lead to tissue injury?

Back 8

constant loading causing creep and fluid redistributions

Front 9

continual exaggeration of curves lead to ______

Back 9

postural impairment, muscle strength and flexibility imbalances, soft tissue restrictions and hypermobility

Front 10

general causes of pain

Back 10

mechanical stress to pain- sustained stretch to ligaments, compression of blood vessels, compression of nerve endings

Front 11

does mechanical stress involve a inflammatory reaction

Back 11

no

Front 12

If mechanical stress ____ supporting capabilities, what happens?

Back 12

exceeds

breakdown

Front 13

superficial

multiple segmented parts

produce motion

large guy wire function

compressive loading- contractions

Back 13

Global characteristics

Front 14

core muscle characteristics

Back 14

deep

segmented

stabilizes

control segmental motion

segmental guy wire function

type 1 muscle fibers for endurance

Front 15

rectus adominus

external and internal obliques

scalenes

quadratus lumborum

erector spinae illopsosas

sternocleidomastoid

levator scapulae

upper trapezius

Back 15

global muscles

Front 16

deep core muscles

Back 16

transversus adominis

multifidus

deep rotators

longus colli

Front 17

inert structures

Back 17

noncontractile, passive- ligaments, joint capsules, brasae, nerves, cartilage, disks, dura mater

Front 18

body structures that provide passive, active, neural control as counter forces to gravity in order to maintain spinal stability

Back 18

passive- inert structures

active- muscles

neural

Front 19

muscle activity required at the hip when person is in relaxed posture

Back 19

iliofemoral ligament provides passive stability so no muscle tension is necessary

Front 20

muscle activity required at the hip when gravity line shifts posteriorly

Back 20

some posterior rotation of the pelvis but is controlled by tension in the hip flexor muscles

Front 21

muscle activity required at the hip when gravity line shifts anteriorly

Back 21

stability is provided by active support of the hip extensor muscles

Front 22

muscle activity required at the knees when fully extended

Back 22

no muscle support

Front 23

muscle activity required at the knees when slightly flexed

Back 23

gravity line shifts posterior to the joint and the quadriceps femoris contracts to prevent knee from buckling

Front 24

gravity line is _______ to the ankle joint so it ______ the _____ forward around the ankle. Stability is provided by the _____ ______ muscles

Back 24

anterior

rotates

tibia
plantar flexor

Front 25

gravity line is _______ to the knee joint which keeps the knee in ________. Stability is provided by the ______ _____ ligament, ____ capsule and tension in the muscles ______ to the knee. Soleus provides active stability by pulling ____ on the tibia.

Back 25

anterior

extension

anterior cruciate

posterior

posterior

posteriorly

Front 26

gravity line at the hip ____ with swaying of the body. when line passes through the hip joint there is ______ and ____ external support

Back 26

varies

equilibrium

no

Front 27

gravity line at the trunk goes through bodies of ____ and ____ vertebrae. as trunk shifts, ______ muscles ____ and function as _______ wires

Back 27

lumbar and cervical

contralateral

contract

guy

Front 28

center of gravity of the head falls ____ to the ______ joints. ______ muscles contract to keep head balanced

Back 28

anterior

atlanto-occipital

posterior

Front 29

counterforces movement in the body may be from ______ or _________

Back 29

muscles or inert structures

Front 30

For weight bearing joint to be stable, gravity line of the mass must fall through what or there must be what?

Back 30

the axis of rotation

or force to counteract the movement

Front 31

how many natural curves are in the spine?

Back 31

4

Front 32

two primary and two compensatory

Back 32

posterior and anterior

Front 33

anterior curve location?

Back 33

cervical and lumbar

Front 34

posterior curve location?

Back 34

thoracic and sacral

Front 35

Lordotic pelvic direction?

Back 35

anterior tilt

Front 36

Lordotic- lumbosacral angle increases or decreases

Back 36

increases

Front 37

Lordotic- hip flex or extend?

Back 37

flex

Front 38

Lordotic- narrows or gaps the IVF

Back 38

narrows

Front 39

Lordotic- hip flexors tighten/shorten or stretch/weak?

Back 39

tighten/ shorten

Front 40

Lordotic- rectus femoris tighten/shorten or stretch/weak?

Back 40

tighten/shorten

Front 41

Lordotic- Lumbar extentor (erector spinae) tighten/shorten or stretch/weak?

Back 41

tighten/shorten

Front 42

Lordotic- gluteus max tighten/shorten or stretch/weak?

Back 42

stretch/weak

Front 43

Lordotic- abs tighten/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 43

stretch/weak

Front 44

Lordotic- hamstrings tighten/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 44

stretch/weak

Front 45

Lordotic- ALL tighten/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 45

stretch/weak

Front 46

Relaxed/shouched/ swayback- pelvic direction

Back 46

anterior shift

Front 47

Relaxed/swayback- hip extensors tighten/shorten or stretched/weak

Back 47

tighten/shorten

Front 48

Relaxed/swayback- lower lumbar extensors tighten/shorten or stretched/weak

Back 48

tighten/shorten

Front 49

Relaxed/swayback upper abs tighten/shorten or stretched/weak

Back 49

tighten/shorten

Front 50

Relaxed/swayback internal intercostals thighten/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 50

tighten/shorten

Front 51

Relaxed/swayback- IVF lower lumbar narrow or gap

Back 51

narrow

Front 52

Relaxed/swayback- hip flexors stretch/weaken or tight/shorten

Back 52

stretch/weaken

Front 53

Relaxed/swayback- PLL of upper lumbar and thoracic tight/short or stretch/weak

Back 53

stretch/weak

Front 54

Relaxed/swayback- spine tight/short or stretch/weak

Back 54

stretch/weak

Front 55

Relaxed/swayback- lower abs tight/short or stretch/weak

Back 55

stretch/weak

Front 56

Flat low back- pelvic direction

Back 56

posterior tilt

Front 57

Flat low back- lumbosacral angle

Back 57

decreases

Front 58

Flat low back- shock absorbtion

Back 58

decrease

Front 59

Flat low back- hip extensors tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 59

tight/shorten

Front 60

Flat low back- trunk flexors, ALL tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 60

tight/ shorten

Front 61

Flat low back- lower lumbar extensors tight/ shorten or stretch/weak

Back 61

tight/shorten

Front 62

Flat low back- fasicia tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 62

tight/ shorten

Front 63

Flat low back- hip flexors tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 63

stretch/weak

Front 64

Flat low back- lumbar extensors, PLL tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 64

stretch/weak

Front 65

Round back w/ FHP- thoracic curve

Back 65

increases

Front 66

Round back w/ FHP- protracted or retracted scapula

Back 66

protracted

Front 67

Round back w/FHP- occipital ext or flex

Back 67

extend

Front 68

Round back w/ FHP- lower cerv ext or flex

Back 68

flex

Front 69

Round back w/FHP- upper thor flex or ext

Back 69

flex

Front 70

Round back w/ FHP - what syndrome is related

Back 70

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Front 71

Round back w/ FHP- pecs tight/shorten or stretched/weak

Back 71

tight/shorten

Front 72

Round back w/FHP- intercostals tight/shorten or stretche/weak

Back 72

tight/shorten

Front 73

Round back w/FHP- lats tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 73

tight/shorten

Front 74

Round back w/ FHP- serratus anterior tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 74

tight/shorten

Front 75

Round back w/ FHP- levator scapulae tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 75

tight/shorten

Front 76

Round back w/ FHP- upper trap tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 76

tight/shorten

Front 77

Round ack w/ FHP- ALL tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 77

tight/shorten

Front 78

Round back w/FHP- thoracic erector spinae tight/shorten or stetch/weak

Back 78

stretch/weak

Front 79

Round bak w/FHP- scapular retractor tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 79

stretch/weak

Front 80

Round back w/ FHP- PLL tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 80

stretch/weak

Front 81

Flat upper back- thoracic curve increase or decrease

Back 81

decrease

Front 82

Flat upper back- depressed or elevated scap

Back 82

depressed

Front 83

Flat upper back- decrease or increase cervical lordosis with increase flexion or extension of occiput

Back 83

decrease cervical lordosis with increase flexion of occiput

Front 84

Flat upper back- anterior neck mm tight/shorten or stretched/weak

Back 84

tight/shorten

Front 85

Flat upper back- thoracic erector spinae tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 85

tight/shorten

Front 86

Flat upper back- scapular retractors tight/shorten or stretch/weak

Back 86

tight/shorten

Front 87

Flat upper back- scapular protractors

Back 87

stretch/weak

Front 88

verbal reinforcement

Back 88

interpret the sensations of muscle contraction and spinal positions that patient should be feeling

Front 89

touch the muscles that need to contract and move and hold the parts in place

Back 89

tactile reinforcement

Front 90

Visual reinforcement

Back 90

use mirrors so the patient can see how the look etc

Front 91

structural scoliosis

Back 91

irreversible lateral curvature with fixed rotation of the vertebrae.

Front 92

scoliosis

rotation of the vertebral bodies is toward the ___ of the curve

Back 92

convexity

Front 93

scoliosis

ribs rotate with vertebrae so there is prominence of ribs posteriorly to the side of spinal ______ and prominence anteriorly to the side of ______

Back 93

convexity

concavity

Front 94

reversible and can be changed with forward or side bending and with positional changes (lying supine etc)

Back 94

nonstructural scoliosis