Ch. 16 & 17 Combined

Front 1

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Back 1

Sources of the Industrial Revolution

(ch.16)

Front 2

In Ch. 15 slide

Back 2

RR’s

Front 3

The Rise of Carnegie

Carnegie left Scotland and started out as a bobbin boy.($1.25 a week)Messenger Boy for Western UnionStenographer(Morse Code)

Andrew Carnegie vertically integrated steel.In 1900 made $ 40 Million

Then we have Entrepreneurs (Andrew Carnigie) builds more steel than other companies combined (9-11)he made the cost of steel go from $100/ton to $12/ton is he a robber barron or a captain of industry

Back 3

Andrew Carnegie

Front 4

In Ch. 15 slide

Back 4

John D. Rockefeller and the Trust

Front 5

In Ch. 15 slide

Back 5

Vertical Integration

Front 6

In Ch. 15 slide

Back 6

Horizontal Integration

Front 7

Gospel of Wealth - Carnigie thought you shouldn’t die wealthy, you have to give back to societyCanigie hall (its both self serving and gives back to the community)

Back 7

Gospel of Wealth

Front 8

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Back 8

The Ironies of the Industrial Revolution.

Front 9

Poor labor relations at Andrew Carnegie's Homestead steel plant lead to a deadly clash between striking workers and Pinkerton detectives

Carnigie was in Europe let Frick run the homestead and it went bad.

Frick/Carnigie Tried to bring scab labor instead of paying livable wages and fixing working conditions

This was a huge bad effect on Carnegie's reputation,

Carnegie - was cutting cost to increase profit and by even lower wages

Overworking the workers - 12 hours a day 6 days a week (dangerous conditions)

Workers felt that change in working conditions was a necessity, wanted livable wages

(first of Americas Union)

Back 9

Homestead Strike

Front 10

Began bcuz factories and mills needed people to work for them that accepted decreased wages increased hours and people with small hand to work the mills

In 1910 almost 2 million children were in the workforce (Child labor was very widespread)

It was common for children to be beaten and intentionally denied of education

As soon as they get education they demand higher wages

Often injured by factory equipment

Families depended on the child labor (23% of family income)

same laws did not apply to them as the agricultural group

The Participation of hard working reformers

Rejection of bad working conditions from the general public, resulted in the abolishing of Child Labor

Back 10

Child Labor

Front 11

Prostitution existed in England long before the Industrial Revolution, but the conditions created by the urbanization and changes in society during the 1700s-1800s caused it to become a national problem.

Brothels, or Whore Houses, had always been present in urban centers throughout England, but most men and women married young and began their families without living alone in cities for long.

However, the Industrial Revolution lead women to need to work in order to support their families.

The huge increase in population, urban poverty, and desperation increased the demand for prostitutes and the amount of women willing to degrade themselves for money

Back 11

Prostitution

Front 12

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was formed in 1886. Samuel Gompers (1850-1924), who served as president 1886-1895 and 1896-1924, provided conservative leadership.

Instead of trying to reshape the fundamental institutions of American life, as some of the more radical union activists were trying to do, the AFL focused on securing for its members higher wages, better working conditions, and a shorter work week.Because the union did not attempt to organize unskilled workers, it made few gains among new workers during the 1920s, when much of the growth of the economy took place in mass-production industries such as automobiles, rubber, chemicals, and utilities.

In fact, although Gompers' middle-of-the-road leadership helped make the AFL the largest and most powerful union in the country, compared to earlier decades, that was not very powerful, and membership dropped dramatically.Gompers' commitment to organizing skilled workers, avoiding the radical left, and accomplishing change through established channels whenever possible, rather than through strikes, led conservative businessmen to view him favorably. Nevertheless, he opposed the open shop movement of the 1920s and the spread of company unions (unions organized by companies to keep away outside organizers).

Back 12

American Federation of Labor(End of Chapter 16)

Front 13

DEFINITION of 'Tariff' A tax imposed on imported goods and services.

Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers.

If we (America) tax (tariffs) French the Frech then tax(tariff) us.

lose lose situation

Used as revenue to fund the government

Replaced by Gradual income tax (we know tax ourselves)

Tariffs was a protection device on Northern Manufactures, so people buy more american goods instead of imported (ex. france) goods

Trying to strenghthen the role of Fed Govt, 95% of federal budget was revenue from tariffs prior to Civil War

war 1812 stopped revenue and we went into debt

1828 Tariffs really high get passed mainly by the North

Southern states decided to ignore tarriff (ignore federal law to stand up to fed govt)

Many advocates of raising tariffs to get out of great depression

NOT DEBATED ANYMORE, more free trade philosophy now

Back 13

Tariffs

Front 14

Civil service reform began in the mid-nineteenth century in response to two developments, the growing need for skilled administrators to carry on the increasingly complex functions of government and revulsion at the failure of earlier, less formal systems to provide sufficiently honest and qualified public employees. It replaced the so-called "spoils system," which filled government administrative positions through patronage, giving out public jobs as a reward for support in elections. The patronage system had been perfected by the followers of Andrew Jackson. One of Jackson's allies, New York senator William Marcy, gave the system its name in an 1832 speech when he observed, "To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy."

Back 14

Civil Service Reform

Front 15

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices.

The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.

Back 15

Government regulation of RRs

Front 16

Gospel of Wealth - Carnigie thought you shouldn’t die wealthy, you have to give back to society Canigie hall (its both self serving and gives back to the community)

Back 16

Carnegie “Gospel of Wealth”

Back 17

Reforming the city

Front 18

Jane Addams was an advocate of immigrants, the poor, women, and peace. Author of numerous articles and books, she founded the first settlement house in the United States. Her best known book, Twenty Years at Hull House, was about the time she spent at the settlement house.

She led campaigns against child labor, worked hard for suffrage (women's right to vote), and promoted reform on city, state, and national levels.

Social Reform

Education Reform

Peace Advocacy

Suffrage

Contributed to end Child Labor

Back 18

Jane Addams

Front 19

Women were not encouraged to obtain a real education or pursue a professional career. After marriage, women did not have the right to own their own property, keep their own wages, or sign a contract. In addition, all women were denied the right to vote

Gaining the vote for American women, known as woman suffrage, was the single largest enfranchisement and extension of democratic rights in our nation’s history.

Back 19

Women’s Rights

Front 20

The Depression of 1893

The Depression of 1893 started in Europe and spread to the U.S. as foreign trade declinedOverextension in RR Construction and agriculture contributed to the collapse.

Stockmarket collapsed in1893, 20% of the workforce was unemployed.

During the depression of the 1890’s the National Government refused to take action and only mass demonstrations prodded city officials to establish soup kitchens

Back 20

Panic of 1893

Front 21

Ch.15 slide

Back 21

The Election of 1896(revisited)

Front 22

Ch.15 slide

Back 22

William McKinley(revisited)

Front 23

Ch.15 slide

Back 23

William Jennings Bryan(revisited)